Multi-Timeframe MA Levels█ OVERVIEW
This Pine Script is an indicator for displaying multiple moving average (MA) levels from several timeframes on your TradingView charts. At the Realtime Bar (the right-most bar on your chart), it draws a line where the various moving averages currently are.
For example, it will show you where the 8 EMA on the 5 minute timeframe is on your 1-minute timeframe chart.
It derives its look and function from "Lepelle's Key Levels" and focuses on visualizing various moving averages to complement this indicator.
█ FEATURES
1 — Multi-Timeframe Analysis:
• The script allows traders to view moving averages from different timeframes on a single chart.
This multi-timeframe approach helps identify significant levels and trends that might not be apparent when looking at a single timeframe.
2 — Customization and Flexibility:
• Extensive input options for customizing the appearance of the lines (width, style, color) and labels (size, position, distance from price).
This ensures that the indicator can be tailored to individual preferences and charting styles.
3 — Multiple Moving Averages:
• Support for various types of moving averages (8 EMA, 21 EMA, 50 SMA, 100 SMA, 200 SMA).
Each moving average can be individually enabled or disabled for specific timeframes,
providing a flexible tool for technical analysis.
█ SETTINGS
Inputs for Styling:
• Controls the appearance of the lines and labels.
• Includes options for line width, line style, text size, distance from the candlesticks, label position,
and whether to hide prices or use shorthand notation.
Moving Averages Settings:
• Inputs to select different moving averages (8 EMA, 21 EMA, 50 SMA, 100 SMA, 200 SMA) and their corresponding colors.
• Boolean inputs to enable or disable these moving averages on various timeframes (2 min, 5 min, hourly, daily).
█ SUMMARY
In essence, this script provides a comprehensive tool for technical analysis by combining multi-timeframe moving averages into a single, customizable, and user-friendly indicator. It enhances traders' ability to make informed decisions by providing clear visual representations of key moving average levels across different timeframes.
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█ LIMITATIONS
This script is best used with a short timeframe such as 1-minute or lower because of the limitations of Multi-Timeframe scripts. Basically, the alternate timeframes in use should always be higher than the chart timeframe.
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█ NOTES
This indicator is intended to complement and be used with "Lepelle's Key Levels" indicator.
In that indictor settings, I recommend turning off the 5 Daily timeframe moving average levels in that script, if using this one.
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Cerca negli script per "the script"
Harmony or Divergence Single CandleThis script is designed for traders who seek to visually identify and analyze patterns of harmony and divergence in the price action of securities directly on their trading charts. The script provides a nuanced approach to understanding market sentiment and potential price movement directions by examining candle sizes and volumes over a specified lookback period.
What the Script Does:
The script overlays indicators on the price chart that highlight periods of harmony and divergence using background colors. These periods are determined based on comparisons between current candle sizes, candle volumes, and their respective simple moving averages (SMAs) over a user-defined lookback period.
Harmony : A state where the candle size and volume are either both above or below their respective averages, indicating a consensus or agreement in market direction.
Divergence : A state where there's a mismatch, such as a larger candle size with lower volume or vice versa, suggesting uncertainty or potential reversal in market trends.
How It Does It:
User Inputs : Traders can customize several parameters, including the lookback period for averages, whether to include wicks in candle size calculations, and preferences for displaying harmony and divergence indicators with specific colors.
Calculations :
- The script calculates the simple moving average (SMA) of volume and candle sizes (with an option to consider the full candle range including wicks or just the body) over the specified lookback period.
- It then compares the current candle's size and volume against these averages to identify states of harmony or divergence.
Visualization :
- Based on the user's input, it colors the background of the chart to reflect identified patterns. Each state (harmony above or below average, divergence with higher volume or larger candle body) can be highlighted with different colors, providing immediate visual cues to the trader.
What Traders Can Do With the Script:
Traders can utilize this script to enhance their technical analysis by:
Identifying Trend Consistency : Harmony indicators can signal strong trends where price action and volume confirm each other, possibly supporting continuation strategies.
Spotting Potential Reversals : Divergence indicators may highlight potential exhaustion points or reversals, especially when price moves significantly without corresponding volume support.
Customizing Analysis : By adjusting the lookback period, candle size consideration (body or including wicks), and visualization options, traders can tailor the analysis to fit their trading style and strategy.
Table to filter trades per dayThis script contains a block of code that allows users to filter the total number of trades, loss trades, win trades and win rate per day in a table. This makes it easier to compare which days were profitable and which were not.
Be aware that this script can only be used in strategy scripts. To use the script, open it and copy every line from "START" to "STOP". Then, paste these lines at the very bottom of the strategy script that you want to attach it to.
The user has the ability to adjust the position of the table and customize the size of the text displayed.
If the user sets "Check when the trade:" to "Opened", the script will monitor when the trade opens and add it to the table once it has been closed. If "Check when the trade:" is set to "Closed", the script will track when the trade is closed and add it to the table once it has been closed.
It is recommended to run the script on the "Exchange" setting for more accurate results, even though a "Set the timezone" option is available. This will prevent discrepancies caused by daylight saving time changes.
Please note that the code will only work properly if you choose a daily timeframe or lower.
IU Support and Resistance How this script works :
1. This script is an indicator script which calculates the support and resistance based on pivot high and pivot low and plot them as zone onto the chart.
2. The first user input is minimum number of touches which indicates how many time pivot high or pivot low should be tested in order to be a valid support or resistance level.
3.The second user input "Set Buffer" check if the user wants to use a custom buffer or not if it's unchanged then the default is 50% of the 1000 period ATR value .
4. If "Set Buffer" is checked meaning if it's set to true then only the third user input will be execute which is the "buffer" which indicates how much price range user wants his zone to have.
5. After the user input part this script create two arrays to store the pivot high and pivot low values every time he have a new value.
6. This script also creates two arrays to store the bar index of the bar where the new pivot high or pivot low is detected those bar index will be later use while creating the support and resistance zones.
7. Then the script creates four more arrays to store the final support and resistance values and their respective bar index which will be use for creating the support and resistance zones.
8. After this the script check that we are at the last bar of our chart if we are then we sort the support and resistance indices by descending order and store them into an new variable after that we sort the support and resistance arrays by descending order, then we loop through the arrays elements and we check if the previous element comes under the zone of the current element if so we increase the "minimum touch" variable by 1, once we have 5 or more count in our variable and we no longer have a valid zone then we store the element value and the sorted index of the element into our final arrays.
9. Finally the script will loop through the final support and resistance arrays and it will create a box for each support and resistance with respect to extending it on both directions.
10.The green zones are the support and the red zones are the resistance.
How user can benifits from this script:
1. User can automatically identify support and resistance zones and he can plan his trade as per that.
2. User can test how different markets reacts with support and resistance zones.
3. User can plan breakout trade on the break of the support or resistance level.
4. User can adjust he stop loss and take profit as per the support and resistance zones.
Linear Reg CandlesThe provided Pine Script is a TradingView script for creating a technical analysis indicator called "Humble LinReg Candles." This script includes features such as linear regression for open, high, low, and close prices, signal smoothing with simple or exponential moving averages, and a trailing stop based on Average True Range (ATR). Additionally, the script contains a screener section to display signals for a list of specified symbols.
Here is a breakdown of the script:
Indicator Settings:
It defines various input parameters such as signal smoothing length, linear regression settings, and options for using simple moving averages.
Linear regression is applied to open, high, low, and close prices based on user-defined settings.
ATR Trailing Stop:
It calculates the Average True Range (ATR) and uses it to determine a trailing stop for buy and sell signals.
Signals are generated based on whether the close price is above or below the ATR trailing stop.
Plotting:
The script plots the calculated signal on the chart using the plot function.
Buy and Sell Conditions:
Buy and sell conditions are defined based on the relationship between the close price and the ATR trailing stop.
Plot shapes and bar colors are used to visually represent buy and sell signals on the chart.
Alerts:
Alerts are triggered when buy or sell conditions are met.
Screener Section:
The script defines a screener section to display a watchlist of symbols with long and short signals.
The watchlist includes a set of predefined symbols with corresponding long and short signals.
Table Theme Settings:
The script allows customization of the table theme, including background color, frame color, and text color.
The size and location of the table on the chart can also be customized.
Screener Function:
A function getSignal is defined to determine long and short signals for each symbol in the watchlist.
The getSym function is used to extract the symbol name from the symbol string.
Dashboard Creation:
The script creates a table (dashboard) to display long and short signals for the symbols in the watchlist.
The table includes headers for "Long Signal" and "Short Signal" and lists the symbols with corresponding signals.
Overall, the script combines technical analysis indicators and a screener to help traders identify potential buy and sell signals for a set of specified symbols.
Kiss Of DeathThis Pine Script code is designed to create a technical indicator on a TradingView chart known as the "Kiss of Death" signal. Here's a description of the script:
The script begins by specifying that it is intended for use with Pine Script version 5 (//@version=5) and sets the indicator's title to "Kiss of Death Signal" with indicator(title="Kiss of Death Signal", overlay=true).
The code calculates a 21-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of the closing prices (ema21 = ta.ema(close, 21)). The EMA is a commonly used trend-following indicator.
It also determines the lowest low of the previous two periods (prev_low = ta.lowest(low, 2)). This variable will be used in the signal condition.
The script then defines the signal condition for the "Kiss of Death" pattern. This pattern occurs when:
The current closing price is below the 21-period EMA (close < ema21).
The previous closing price is above or equal to the 21-period EMA (close >= ema21).
The current low is below the lowest low of the previous two periods (low < prev_low).
Next, it uses plot to display the 21-period EMA on the chart (plot(ema21, color=color.blue, title="21 EMA")), using a blue color.
Finally, the script utilizes plotshape to mark the points on the chart where the "Kiss of Death" signal condition is met. It places a red, downward-pointing triangle above the corresponding bars
In summary, this script provides a visual representation of the "Kiss of Death" signal on a TradingView chart, helping traders identify potential bearish reversal points based on the defined conditions. The 21-period EMA is also displayed to provide additional context.
What makes this script unique is that it specifically identifies and visualizes a specific technical pattern known as the "Kiss of Death". The "Kiss of Death" is a bearish reversal pattern that occurs when the current price falls below a specific moving average (in this case, a 21-period Exponential Moving Average or EMA) after previously being above it, and when the current low is below the lowest low of the previous two periods.
This script stands out because it provides a clear and visual representation of this particular pattern on a TradingView chart. By using a red, downward-pointing triangle above the bars, it helps traders quickly identify potential bearish reversal points based on the defined conditions.
The combination of a specific pattern, in this case the "Kiss of Death", along with a visual indicator, sets this script apart and makes it a useful tool for traders looking to identify potential bearish reversal points in their technical analysis.
IU Average move How The Script Works :
1. This script calculate the average movement of the price in a user defined custom session and plot the data in a table from on top left corner of the chart.
2. The script takes highest and lowest value of that custom session and store their difference into an array.
3. Then the script average the array thus gets the average price.
4. Addition to that the script converter the price pip change into percentage in order to calculate the value in percentage form.
5. This script is pure price action based the script only take price value and doesn't take any indicator for calculation.
6. The script works on every type of market.
7. If the session is invalid it returns nothing
8. The background color, text color and transparency is changeable.
How User Can Benefit From This Script:
1. User can understand the volatility of any session that he/she wish to trade.
2. It can be helpful for understanding the average price moment of any tradeble asset.
3. It will give the average price movement both in percentage and points bases.
4. By understanding the volatility user can adjust his stop loss or take profit with respect his risk management.
Naresh CE with 13 62 crossThank you to Lauris, for sharing knowledge and logic for the EMA cross-over (13/62).
The provided Pine Script is a custom script, which is designed to display Chandelier Exit levels on the price chart and generate buy and sell labels based on specific conditions.
Here's a breakdown of the key components and logic of the Pine Script:
Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs):
ema1: The 13-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of the closing price.
ema2: The 62-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of the closing price.
EMA Plotting:
The script plots the ema1 (13 EMA) and ema2 (62 EMA) lines on the price chart using the plot() function.
Chandelier Exit Calculation:
The Chandelier Exit values are calculated using the Average True Range (ATR).
The script calculates the atr (Average True Range) using the atr() function with the given length.
longStop is calculated as the highest price of the specified length minus the ATR, and shortStop is calculated as the lowest price plus the ATR.
Directional Indicator (dir):
The dir variable is used to determine the direction of the Chandelier Exit based on the comparison of the current close price with the previous long and short stops.
Buy and Sell Signals:
The script generates buy signals when the Chandelier Exit direction changes from short to long (buySignal).
Similarly, sell signals are generated when the Chandelier Exit direction changes from long to short (sellSignal).
The conditions for buy and sell signals are based on the value of dir and its previous value.
Buy and Sell Labels:
Buy and sell labels are plotted on the chart using plotshape() based on the generated buy and sell signals.
The showLabels input parameter controls whether to display the buy and sell labels.
Highlighting States:
The script fills the chart area with color (green for long, red for short) based on the direction of the Chandelier Exit values.
The highlightState input parameter controls whether to apply this highlighting.
Alerts:
The script includes alert conditions based on the direction change (changeCond), buy signal (buySignal), and sell signal (sellSignal) using the alertcondition() function.
The script aims to help traders identify potential buy and sell signals based on the Chandelier Exit levels derived from the 13 EMA and 62 EMA crossovers. The Chandelier Exit values can serve as dynamic stop-loss levels for long and short positions.
120x ticker screener (composite tickers)In specific circumstances, it is possible to extract data, far above the 40 `request.*()` call limit for 1 single script .
The following technique uses composite tickers . Changing tickers needs to be done in the code itself as will be explained further.
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🔶 PRINCIPLE
Standard example:
c1 = request.security('MTLUSDT' , 'D', close)
This will give the close value from 1 ticker (MTLUSDT); c1 for example is 1.153
Now let's add 2 tickers to MTLUSDT; XMRUSDT and ORNUSDT with, for example, values of 1.153 (I), 143.4 (II) and 0.8242 (III) respectively.
Just adding them up 'MTLUSDT+XMRUSDT+ORNUSDT' would give 145.3772 as a result, which is not something we can use...
Let's multiply ORNUSDT by 100 -> 14340
and multiply MTLUSDT by 1000000000 -> 1153000000 (from now, 10e8 will be used instead of 1000000000)
Then we make the sum.
When we put this in a security call (just the close value) we get:
c1 = request.security('MTLUSDT*10e8+XMRUSDT*100+ORNUSDT', 'D', close)
'MTLUSDT*10e8+XMRUSDT*100+ORNUSDT' -> 1153000000 + 14340 + 0.8242 = 1153014340.8242 (a)
This (a) will be split later on, for example:
1153014330.8242 / 10e8 = 1.1530143408242 -> round -> in this case to 1.153 (I), multiply again by 10e8 -> 1153000000.00 (b)
We subtract this from the initial number:
1153014340.8242 (a)
- 1153000000.0000 (b)
–––––––––––––––––
14340.8242 (c)
Then -> 14340.8242 / 100 = 143.408242 -> round -> 143.4 (II) -> multiply -> 14340.0000 (d)
-> subtract
14340.8242 (c)
- 14340.0000 (d)
––––––––––––
0.8242 (III)
Now we have split the number again into 3 tickers: 1.153 (I), 143.4 (II) and 0.8242 (III)
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In this publication the function compose_3_() will make a composite ticker of 3 tickers, and the split_3_() function will split these 3 tickers again after passing 1 request.security() call.
In this example:
t46 = 'BINANCE:MTLUSDT', n46 = 10e8 , r46 = 3, t47 = 'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', n47 = 10e1, r47 = 1, t48 = 'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', r48 = 4 // T16
•••
T16= compose_3_(t48, t47, n47, t46, n46)
•••
= request.security(T16, res, )
•••
= split_3_(c16, n46, r46, n47, r47, r48)
🔶 CHANGING TICKERS
If you need to change tickers, you only have to change the first part of the script, USER DEFINED TICKERS
Back to our example, at line 26 in the code, you'll find:
t46 = 'BINANCE:MTLUSDT', n46 = 10e8 , r46 = 3, t47 = 'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', n47 = 10e1, r47 = 1, t48 = 'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', r48 = 4 // T16
( t46 , T16 ,... will be explained later)
You need to figure out how much you need to multiply each ticker, and the number for rounding, to get a good result.
In this case:
'BINANCE:MTLUSDT', multiply number = 10e8, round number is 3 (example value 1.153)
'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', multiply number = 10e1, round number is 1 (example value 143.4)
'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', NO multiply number, round number is 4 (example value 0.8242)
The value with most digits after the decimal point by preference is placed to the right side (ORNUSDT)
If you want to change these 3, how would you do so?
First pick your tickers and look for the round values, for example:
'MATICUSDT', example value = 0.5876 -> round -> 4
'LTCUSDT' , example value = 77.47 -> round -> 2
'ARBUSDT' , example value = 1.0231 -> round -> 4
Value with most digits after the decimal point -> MATIC or ARB, let's pick ARB to go on the right side, LTC at the left of ARB, and MATIC at the most left side.
-> 'MATICUSDT', LTCUSDT', ARBUSDT'
Then check with how much 'LTCUSDT' and 'MATICUSDT' needs to be multiplied to get this: 5876 0 7747 0 1.0231
'MATICUSDT' -> 10e10
'LTCUSDT' -> 10e3
Replace:
t46 = 'BINANCE:MTLUSDT', n46 = 10e8 , r46 = 3, t47 = 'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', n47 = 10e1, r47 = 1, t48 = 'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', r48 = 4 // T16
->
t46 = 'BINANCE:MATICUSDT', n46 = 10e10 , r46 = 4, t47 = 'BINANCE:LTCUSDT', n47 = 10e3, r47 = 2, t48 = 'BINANCE:ARBUSDT', r48 = 4 // T16
DO NOT change anything at t46, n46,... if you don't know what you're doing!
Only
• tickers ('BINANCE:MTLUSDT', 'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', 'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', ...),
• multiply numbers (10e8, 10e1, ...) and
• round numbers (3, 1, 4, ...)
should be changed.
There you go!
🔶 LIMITATIONS
🔹 The composite ticker fails when 1 of the 3 isn't in market in the weekend, while the other 2 are.
That is the reason all tickers are crypto. I think it is possible to combine stock,... tickers, but they have to share the same market hours.
🔹 The number cannot be as large as you want, the limit lays around 15-16 digits.
This means when you have for example 123, 45.67 and 0.000000000089, you'll get issues when composing to this:
-> 123045670.000000000089 (21 digits)
Make sure the numbers are close to each other as possible, with 1 zero (or 2) in between:
-> 1.230045670089 (13 digits by doing -> (123 * 10e-3) + (45.67 * 10e-7) + 0.000000000089)
🔹 This script contains examples of calculated values, % change, SMA, RMA and RSI.
These values need to be calculated from HTF close data at current TF (timeframe).
This gives challenges. For example the SMA / %change is not a problem (same values at 1h TF from Daily data).
RMA , RSI is not so easy though...
Daily values are rather similar on a 2-3h TF, but 1h TF and lower is quite different.
At the moment I haven't figured out why, if someone has an idea, don't hesitate to share.
The main goal of this publication is 'composite tickers ~ request.security()' though.
🔹 When a ticker value changes substantially (x10, x100), the multiply number needs to be adjusted accordingly.
🔶 SETTINGS
SHOW SETS
SET
• Length : length of SMA, RMA and RSI
• HTF : Higher TimeFrame (default Daily)
TABLE
• Size table : \ _ Self-explanatory
• Include exchange name : /
• Sort : If exchange names are shown, the exchanges will be sorted first
COLOURS
• CH%
• RSI
• SMA (RMA)
DEBUG
Remember t46 , T16 ,... ?
This can be used for debugging/checking
ALWAYS DISABLE " sort " when doing so.
Example:
Set string -> T1 (tickers FIL, CAKE, SOL)
(Numbers are slightly different due to time passing by between screen captures)
Placing your tickers at the side panel makes it easy to compare with the printed label below the table (right side, 332201415014.45 ),
together with the line T1 in the script:
t1 = 'BINANCE:FILUSDT' , n1 = 10e10, r1 = 4, t2 = 'BINANCE:CAKEUSDT' , n2 = 10e5 , r2 = 3, t3 = 'BINANCE:SOLUSDT' , r3 = 2 // T1
FIL : 3.322
CAKE: 1.415
SOL : 14.56
Now it is easy to check whether the tickers are placed close enough to each other, with 1-2 zero's in between.
If you want to check a specific ticker, use " Show Ticker" , see out initial example:
Set string -> T16
Show ticker -> 46 (in the code -> t46 = 'BINANCE:MTLUSDT')
(Set at 0 to disable " check string " and NONE to disable " Set string ")
-> Debug/check/set away! 😀
🔶 OTHER TECHNIQUES
• REGEX ( Regular expression ) and str.match() is used to delete the exchange name from the ticker, in other words, everything before ":" is deleted by following regex:
exch(t) => incl_exch ? t : str.match(t, "(?<=:) +")
• To sort, array.sort_indices() is used (line 675 in the code), just as in my first "sort" publication Sort array alphabetically - educational
aSort = arrT.copy()
sort_Indices = array.sort_indices(id= aSort, order= order.ascending)
• Numbers and text colour will adjust automatically when switching between light/dark mode by using chart.fg_color / chart.bg_color
🔹 DISCLAIMER
Please don't ask me for custom screeners, thank you.
JS-TechTrading: VWAP Momentum_Pullback StrategyGeneral Description and Unique Features of this Script
Introducing the VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strategy (long-only) that offers several unique features:
1. Our script/strategy utilizes Mark Minervini's Trend-Template as a qualifier for identifying stocks and other financial securities in confirmed uptrends.
NOTE: In this basic version of the script, the Trend-Template has to be used as a separate indicator on TradingView (Public Trend-Template indicators are available on TradingView – community scripts). It is recommended to only execute buy signals in case the stock or financial security is in a stage 2 uptrend, which means that the criteria of the trend-template are fulfilled.
2. Our strategy is based on the supply/demand balance in the market, making it timeless and effective across all timeframes. Whether you are day trading using 1- or 5-min charts or swing-trading using daily charts, this strategy can be applied and works very well.
3. We have also integrated technical indicators such as the RSI and the MA / VWAP crossover into this strategy to identify low-risk pullback entries in the context of confirmed uptrends. By doing so, the risk profile of this strategy and drawdowns are being reduced to an absolute minimum.
Minervini’s Trend-Template and the ‘Stage-Analysis’ of the Markets
This strategy is a so-called 'long-only' strategy. This means that we only take long positions, short positions are not considered.
The best market environment for such strategies are periods of stable upward trends in the so-called stage 2 - uptrend.
In stable upward trends, we increase our market exposure and risk.
In sideways markets and downward trends or bear markets, we reduce our exposure very quickly or go 100% to cash and wait for the markets to recover and improve. This allows us to avoid major losses and drawdowns.
This simple rule gives us a significant advantage over most undisciplined traders and amateurs!
'The Trend is your Friend'. This is a very old but true quote.
What's behind it???
• 98% of stocks made their biggest gains in a Phase 2 upward trend.
• If a stock is in a stable uptrend, this is evidence that larger institutions are buying the stock sustainably.
• By focusing on stocks that are in a stable uptrend, the chances of profit are significantly increased.
• In a stable uptrend, investors know exactly what to expect from further price developments. This makes it possible to locate low-risk entry points.
The goal is not to buy at the lowest price – the goal is to buy at the right price!
Each stock goes through the same maturity cycle – it starts at stage 1 and ends at stage 4
Stage 1 – Neglect Phase – Consolidation
Stage 2 – Progressive Phase – Accumulation
Stage 3 – Topping Phase – Distribution
Stage 4 – Downtrend – Capitulation
This strategy focuses on identifying stocks in confirmed stage 2 uptrends. This in itself gives us an advantage over long-term investors and less professional traders.
By focusing on stocks in a stage 2 uptrend, we avoid losses in downtrends (stage 4) or less profitable consolidation phases (stages 1 and 3). We are fully invested and put our money to work for us, and we are fully invested when stocks are in their stage 2 uptrends.
But how can we use technical chart analysis to find stocks that are in a stable stage 2 uptrend?
Mark Minervini has developed the so-called 'trend template' for this purpose. This is an essential part of our JS-TechTrading pullback strategy. For our watchlists, only those individual values that meet the tough requirements of Minervini's trend template are eligible.
The Trend Template
• 200d MA increasing over a period of at least 1 month, better 4-5 months or longer
• 150d MA above 200d MA
• 50d MA above 150d MA and 200d MA
• Course above 50d MA, 150d MA and 200d MA
• Ideally, the 50d MA is increasing over at least 1 month
• Price at least 25% above the 52w low
• Price within 25% of 52w high
• High relative strength according to IBD.
NOTE: In this basic version of the script, the Trend-Template has to be used as a separate indicator on TradingView (Public Trend-Template indicators are available in TradingView – community scripts). It is recommended to only execute buy signals in case the stock or financial security is in a stage 2 uptrend, which means that the criteria of the trend-template are fulfilled.
This strategy can be applied to all timeframes from 5 min to daily.
The VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strateg y
For the JS-TechTrading VWAP Momentum-Pullback Strategy, only stocks and other financial instruments that meet the selected criteria of Mark Minervini's trend template are recommended for algorithmic trading with this startegy.
A further prerequisite for generating a buy signals is that the individual value is in a short-term oversold state (RSI).
When the selling pressure is over and the continuation of the uptrend can be confirmed by the MA / VWAP crossover after reaching a price low, a buy signal is issued by this strategy.
Stop-loss limits and profit targets can be set variably.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a technical indicator developed by Welles Wilder in 1978. The RSI is used to perform a market value analysis and identify the strength of a trend as well as overbought and oversold conditions. The indicator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100 and shows how much an asset has risen or fallen relative to its own price in recent periods.
The RSI is calculated as the ratio of average profits to average losses over a certain period of time. A high value of the RSI indicates an overbought situation, while a low value indicates an oversold situation. Typically, a value > 70 is considered an overbought threshold and a value < 30 is considered an oversold threshold. A value above 70 signals that a single value may be overvalued and a decrease in price is likely , while a value below 30 signals that a single value may be undervalued and an increase in price is likely.
For example, let's say you're watching a stock XYZ. After a prolonged falling movement, the RSI value of this stock has fallen to 26. This means that the stock is oversold and that it is time for a potential recovery. Therefore, a trader might decide to buy this stock in the hope that it will rise again soon.
The MA / VWAP Crossover Trading Strategy
This strategy combines two popular technical indicators: the Moving Average (MA) and the Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP). The MA VWAP crossover strategy is used to identify potential trend reversals and entry/exit points in the market.
The VWAP is calculated by taking the average price of an asset for a given period, weighted by the volume traded at each price level. The MA, on the other hand, is calculated by taking the average price of an asset over a specified number of periods. When the MA crosses above the VWAP, it suggests that buying pressure is increasing, and it may be a good time to enter a long position. When the MA crosses below the VWAP, it suggests that selling pressure is increasing, and it may be a good time to exit a long position or enter a short position.
Traders typically use the MA VWAP crossover strategy in conjunction with other technical indicators and fundamental analysis to make more informed trading decisions. As with any trading strategy, it is important to carefully consider the risks and potential rewards before making any trades.
This strategy is applicable to all timeframes and the relevant parameters for the underlying indicators (RSI and MA/VWAP) can be adjusted and optimized as needed.
Backtesting
Backtesting gives outstanding results on all timeframes and drawdowns can be reduced to a minimum level. In this example, the hourly chart for MCFT has been used.
Settings for backtesting are:
- Period from April 2020 until April 2021 (1 yr)
- Starting capital 100k USD
- Position size = 25% of equity
- 0.01% commission = USD 2.50.- per Trade
- Slippage = 2 ticks
Other comments
• This strategy has been designed to identify the most promising, highest probability entries and trades for each stock or other financial security.
• The RSI qualifier is highly selective and filters out the most promising swing-trading entries. As a result, you will normally only find a low number of trades for each stock or other financial security per year in case you apply this strategy for the daily charts. Shorter timeframes will result in a higher number of trades / year.
• As a result, traders need to apply this strategy for a full watchlist rather than just one financial security.
TechnicalRating█ OVERVIEW
This library is a Pine Script™ programmer’s tool for incorporating TradingView's well-known technical ratings within their scripts. The ratings produced by this library are the same as those from the speedometers in the technical analysis summary and the "Rating" indicator in the Screener , which use the aggregate biases of 26 technical indicators to calculate their results.
█ CONCEPTS
Ensemble analysis
Ensemble analysis uses multiple weaker models to produce a potentially stronger one. A common form of ensemble analysis in technical analysis is the usage of aggregate indicators together in hopes of gaining further market insight and reinforcing trading decisions.
Technical ratings
Technical ratings provide a simplified way to analyze financial markets by combining signals from an ensemble of indicators into a singular value, allowing traders to assess market sentiment more quickly and conveniently than analyzing each constituent separately. By consolidating the signals from multiple indicators into a single rating, traders can more intuitively and easily interpret the "technical health" of the market.
Calculating the rating value
Using a variety of built-in TA functions and functions from our ta library, this script calculates technical ratings for moving averages, oscillators, and their overall result within the `calcRatingAll()` function.
The function uses the script's `calcRatingMA()` function to calculate the moving average technical rating from an ensemble of 15 moving averages and filters:
• Six Simple Moving Averages and six Exponential Moving Averages with periods of 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, and 200
• A Hull Moving Average with a period of 9
• A Volume-Weighted Moving Average with a period of 20
• An Ichimoku Cloud with a conversion line length of 9, base length of 26, and leading span B length of 52
The function uses the script's `calcRating()` function to calculate the oscillator technical rating from an ensemble of 11 oscillators:
• RSI with a period of 14
• Stochastic with a %K period of 14, a smoothing period of 3, and a %D period of 3
• CCI with a period of 20
• ADX with a DI length of 14 and an ADX smoothing period of 14
• Awesome Oscillator
• Momentum with a period of 10
• MACD with fast, slow, and signal periods of 12, 26, and 9
• Stochastic RSI with an RSI period of 14, a %K period of 14, a smoothing period of 3, and a %D period of 3
• Williams %R with a period of 14
• Bull Bear Power with a period of 50
• Ultimate Oscillator with fast, middle, and slow lengths of 7, 14, and 28
Each indicator is assigned a value of +1, 0, or -1, representing a bullish, neutral, or bearish rating. The moving average rating is the mean of all ratings that use the `calcRatingMA()` function, and the oscillator rating is the mean of all ratings that use the `calcRating()` function. The overall rating is the mean of the moving average and oscillator ratings, which ranges between +1 and -1. This overall rating, along with the separate MA and oscillator ratings, can be used to gain insight into the technical strength of the market. For a more detailed breakdown of the signals and conditions used to calculate the indicators' ratings, consult our Help Center explanation.
Determining rating status
The `ratingStatus()` function produces a string representing the status of a series of ratings. The `strongBound` and `weakBound` parameters, with respective default values of 0.5 and 0.1, define the bounds for "strong" and "weak" ratings.
The rating status is determined as follows:
Rating Value Rating Status
< -strongBound Strong Sell
< -weakBound Sell
-weakBound to weakBound Neutral
> weakBound Buy
> strongBound Strong Buy
By customizing the `strongBound` and `weakBound` values, traders can tailor the `ratingStatus()` function to fit their trading style or strategy, leading to a more personalized approach to evaluating ratings.
Look first. Then leap.
█ FUNCTIONS
This library contains the following functions:
calcRatingAll()
Calculates 3 ratings (ratings total, MA ratings, indicator ratings) using the aggregate biases of 26 different technical indicators.
Returns: A 3-element tuple: ( [(float) ratingTotal, (float) ratingOther, (float) ratingMA ].
countRising(plot)
Calculates the number of times the values in the given series increase in value up to a maximum count of 5.
Parameters:
plot : (series float) The series of values to check for rising values.
Returns: (int) The number of times the values in the series increased in value.
ratingStatus(ratingValue, strongBound, weakBound)
Determines the rating status of a given series based on its values and defined bounds.
Parameters:
ratingValue : (series float) The series of values to determine the rating status for.
strongBound : (series float) The upper bound for a "strong" rating.
weakBound : (series float) The upper bound for a "weak" rating.
Returns: (string) The rating status of the given series ("Strong Buy", "Buy", "Neutral", "Sell", or "Strong Sell").
Oscillator Workbench — Chart [LucF]█ OVERVIEW
This indicator uses an on-chart visual framework to help traders with the interpretation of any oscillator's behavior. The advantage of using this tool is that you do not need to know all the ins and outs of a particular oscillator such as RSI, CCI, Stochastic, etc. Your choice of oscillator and settings in this indicator will change its visuals, which allows you to evaluate different configurations in the context of how the workbench models oscillator behavior. My hope is that by using the workbench, you may come up with an oscillator selection and settings that produce visual cues you find useful in your trading.
The workbench works on any symbol and timeframe. It uses the same presentation engine as my Delta Volume Channels indicator; those already familiar with it will feel right at home here.
█ CONCEPTS
Oscillators
An oscillator is any signal that moves up and down a centerline. The centerline value is often zero or 50. Because the range of oscillator values is different than that of the symbol prices we look at on our charts, it is usually impossible to display an oscillator on the chart, so we typically put oscillators in a separate pane where they live in their own space. Each oscillator has its own profile and properties that dictate its behavior and interpretation. Oscillators can be bounded , meaning their values oscillate between fixed values such as 0 to 100 or +1 to -1, or unbounded when their maximum and minimum values are undefined.
Oscillator weight
How do you display an oscillator's value on a chart showing prices when both values are not on the same scale? The method I use here converts the oscillator's value into a percentage that is used to weigh a reference line. The weight of the oscillator is calculated by maintaining its highest and lowest value above and below its centerline since the beginning of the chart's history. The oscillator's relative position in either of those spaces is then converted to a percentage, yielding a positive or negative value depending on whether the oscillator is above or below its centerline. This method works equally well with bounded and unbounded oscillators.
Oscillator Channel
The oscillator channel is the space between two moving averages: the reference line and a weighted version of that line. The reference line is a moving average of a type, source and length which you select. The weighted line uses the same settings, but it averages the oscillator-weighted price source.
The weight applied to the source of the reference line can also include the relative size of the bar's volume in relation to previous bars. The effect of this is that the oscillator's weight on bars with higher total volume will carry greater weight than those with lesser volume.
The oscillator channel can be in one of four states, each having its corresponding color:
• Bull (teal): The weighted line is above the reference line.
• Strong bull (lime): The bull condition is fulfilled and the bar's close is above the reference line and both the reference and the weighted lines are rising.
• Bear (maroon): The weighted line is below the reference line.
• Strong bear (pink): The bear condition is fulfilled and the bar's close is below the reference line and both the reference and the weighted lines are falling.
Divergences
In the context of this indicator, a divergence is any bar where the slope of the reference line does not match that of the weighted line. No directional bias is assigned to divergences when they occur. You can also choose to define divergences as differences in polarity between the oscillator's slope and the polarity of close-to-close values. This indicator's divergences are designed to identify transition levels. They have no polarity; their bullish/bearish bias is determined by the behavior of price relative to the divergence channel after the divergence channel is built.
Divergence Channel
The divergence channel is the space between two levels (by default, the bar's low and high ) saved when divergences occur. When price has breached a channel and a new divergence occurs, a new channel is created. Until that new channel is breached, bars where additional divergences occur will expand the channel's levels if the bar's price points are outside the channel.
Price breaches of the divergence channel will change its state. Divergence channels can be in one of five different states:
• Bull (teal): Price has breached the channel to the upside.
• Strong bull (lime): The bull condition is fulfilled and the oscillator channel is in the strong bull state.
• Bear (maroon): Price has breached the channel to the downside.
• Strong bear (pink): The bear condition is fulfilled and the oscillator channel is in the strong bear state.
• Neutral (gray): The channel has not been breached.
█ HOW TO USE THE INDICATOR
Load the indicator on an active chart (see here if you don't know how).
The default configuration displays:
• The Divergence channel's levels.
• Bar colors using the state of the oscillator channel.
The default settings use:
• RSI as the oscillator, using the close source and a length of 20 bars.
• An Arnaud-Legoux moving average on the close and a length of 20 bars as the reference line.
• The weighted version of the reference line uses only the oscillator's weight, i.e., without the relative volume's weight.
The weighted line is capped to three standard deviations of the reference.
• The divergence channel's levels are determined using the high and low of the bars where divergences occur.
Breaches of the channel require a bar's low to move above the top of the channel, and the bar's high to move below the channel's bottom.
No markers appear on the chart; if you want to create alerts from this script, you will need first to define the conditions that will trigger the markers, then create the alert, which will trigger on those same conditions.
To learn more about how to use this indicator, you must understand the concepts it uses and the information it displays, which requires reading this description. There are no videos to explain it.
█ FEATURES
The script's inputs are divided in five sections: "Oscillator", "Oscillator channel", "Divergence channel", "Bar Coloring" and "Marker/Alert Conditions".
Oscillator
This is where you configure the oscillator you want to study. Thirty oscillators are available to choose from, but you can also use an oscillator from another indicator that is on your chart, if you want. When you select an external indicator's plot as the oscillator, you must also specify the value of its centerline.
Oscillator Channel
Here, you control the visibility and colors of the reference line, its weighted version, and the oscillator channel between them.
You also specify what type of moving average you want to use as a reference line, its source and its length. This acts as the oscillator channel's baseline. The weighted line is also a moving average of the same type and length as the reference line, except that it will be calculated from the weighted version of the source used in the reference line. By default, the weighted line is capped to three standard deviations of the reference line. You can change that value, and also elect to cap using a multiple of ATR instead. The cap provides a mechanism to control how far the weighted line swings from the reference line. This section is also where you can enable the relative volume component of the weight.
Divergence Channel
This is where you control the appearance of the divergence channel and the key price values used in determining the channel's levels and breaching conditions. These choices have an impact on the behavior of the channel. More generous level prices like the default low and high selection will produce more conservative channels, as will the default choice for breach prices.
In this section, you can also enable a mode where an attempt is made to estimate the channel's bias before price breaches the channel. When it is enabled, successive increases/decreases of the channel's top and bottom levels are counted as new divergences occur. When one count is greater than the other, a bull/bear bias is inferred from it. You can also change the detection mode of divergences, and choose to display a mark above or below bars where divergences occur.
Bar Coloring
You specify here:
• The method used to color chart bars, if you choose to do so.
• If you want to hollow out the bodies of bars where volume has not increased since the last bar.
Marker/Alert Conditions
Here, you specify the conditions that will trigger up or down markers. The trigger conditions can include a combination of state transitions of the oscillator and the divergence channels. The triggering conditions can be filtered using a variety of conditions.
Configuring the marker conditions is necessary before creating an alert from this script, as the alert will use the marker conditions to trigger.
Realtime values will repaint, as is usually the case with oscillators, but markers only appear on bar closes, so they will not repaint. Keep in mind, when looking at markers on historical bars, that they are positioned on the bar when it closes — NOT when it opens.
Raw values
The raw values calculated by this script can be inspected using the Data Window, including the oscillator's value and the weights.
█ INTERPRETATION
Except when mentioned otherwise, this section's charts use the indicator's default settings, with different visual components turned on or off.
The aim of the oscillator channel is to provide a visual representation of an oscillator's general behavior. The simplest characteristic of the channel is its bull/bear state, determined by whether the weighted line is above or below the reference line. One can then distinguish between its bull and strong bull states, as transitions from strong bull to bull states will generally happen when trends are losing steam. While one should not infer a reversal from such transitions, they can be a good place to tighten stops. Only time will tell if a reversal will occur. One or more divergences will often occur before reversals. This shows the oscillator channel, with the reference line and the thicker, weighted line:
The nature of the divergence channel 's design makes it particularly adept at identifying consolidation areas if its settings are kept on the conservative side. The divergence channel will also reveal transition areas. A gray divergence channel should usually be considered a no-trade zone. More adventurous traders can use the oscillator channel to orient their trade entries if they accept the risk of trading in a neutral divergence channel, which by definition will not have been breached by price. This show only the divergence channels:
This chart shows divergence channels and their levels, and colors bars on divergences and on the state of the oscillator channel, which is not visible on the chart:
If your charts are already busy with other stuff you want to hold on to, you could consider using only the chart bar coloring component of this indicator. Here we only color bars using the combined state of the oscillator and divergence channel, and we do not color the bodies of bars where volume has not increased. Note that my chart's settings do not color the candle bodies:
At its simplest, one way to use this indicator would be to look for overlaps of the strong bull/bear colors in both the oscillator channel and a divergence channel, as these identify points where price is breaching the divergence channel when the oscillator's state is consistent with the direction of the breach.
Tip
One way to use the Workbench is to combine it with my Delta Volume Channels indicator. If both indicators use the same MA as a reference line, you can display its delta volume channel instead of the oscillator channel.
This chart shows such a setup. The Workbench displays its divergence levels, the weighted reference line using the default RSI oscillator, and colors bars on divergences. The DV Channels indicator only displays its delta volume channel, which uses the same MA as the workbench for its baseline. This way you can ascertain the volume delta situation in contrast with the visuals of the Workbench:
█ LIMITATIONS
• For some of the oscillators, assumptions are made concerning their different parameters when they are more complex than just a source and length.
See the `oscCalc()` function in this indicator's code for all the details, and ask me in a comment if you can't find the information you need.
• When an oscillator using volume is selected and no volume information is available for the chart's symbol, an error will occur.
• The method I use to convert an oscillator's value into a percentage is fragile in the early history of datasets
because of the nascent expression of the oscillator's range during those early bars.
█ NOTES
Working with this workbench
This indicator is called a workbench for a reason; it is designed for traders interested in exploring its behavior with different oscillators and settings, in the hope they can come up with a setup that suits their trading methodology. I cannot tell you which setup is the best because its setup should be compatible with your trading methodology, which may require faster or slower transitions, thus different configurations of the settings affecting the calculations of the divergence channels.
For Pine Script™ Coders
• This script uses the new overload of the fill() function which now makes it possible to do vertical gradients in Pine. I use it for both channels displayed by this script.
• I use the new arguments for plot() 's `display` parameter to control where the script plots some of its values,
namely those I only want to appear in the script's status line and in the Data Window.
• I used my ta library for some of the oscillator calculations and helper functions.
• I also used TradingView's ta library for other oscillator calculations.
• I wrote my script using the revised recommendations in the Style Guide from the Pine v5 User Manual.
Coin Bureau BB/EMA/RSI IndicatorThis indicator was inspired by Coin Bureau's How To Spot The Crypto Top video. In the video, Coin Bureau uses Bollinger bands, 7-period EMA and RSI to look for early signs of a top, thus presenting an opportunity to sell.
Using the basic principles found in the video, I've made a tentative indicator as a way to visualise all 3 indicators at once. Alerts will only fire when all 3 criteria are met:
Price closes outside 20-period Bollinger bands
Price closes ~2sd away from 7-period EMA
RSI is overbought or oversold
The indicator will also update in real-time and show when 1, 2 or all 3 conditions are satisfied. Additionally, there is built-in functionality to toggle historical/current alerts and users can set their own bounds for what constitutes a buy or sell alert.
This is just a personal project purely for edutainment purposes and should not be used to make financial decisions. This project is not affiliated with Coin Bureau.
Some caveats:
Using only 7 periods to calculate the standard deviation of price data will not lead to a statistically significant result, thus this figure may have no right being in the script. However, this was more to trial some techniques and to get acquainted with the pine scripting language.
As you can see, there are a lot of false positives. There are moments when the indicator flashes a sell alert only for the price to keep on rising. This is due to the specificity/sensitivity trade-off. The indicator has been tuned to give the optimal sensitivity (the more critical component). These are the best results I could find for this asset in this time frame.
ZenLibraryLibrary "ZenLibrary"
A collection of custom tools & utility functions commonly used with my scripts.
getDecimals() Calculates how many decimals are on the quote price of the current market
Returns: The current decimal places on the market quote price
truncate(float, float) Truncates (cuts) excess decimal places
Parameters:
float : _number The number to truncate
float : _decimalPlaces (default=2) The number of decimal places to truncate to
Returns: The given _number truncated to the given _decimalPlaces
toWhole(float) Converts pips into whole numbers
Parameters:
float : _number The pip number to convert into a whole number
Returns: The converted number
toPips(float) Converts whole numbers back into pips
Parameters:
float : _number The whole number to convert into pips
Returns: The converted number
av_getPositionSize(float, float, float, float) Calculates OANDA forex position size for AutoView based on the given parameters
Parameters:
float : _balance The account balance to use
float : _risk The risk percentage amount (as a whole number - eg. 1 = 1% risk)
float : _stopPoints The stop loss distance in POINTS (not pips)
float : _conversionRate The conversion rate of our account balance currency
Returns: The calculated position size (in units - only compatible with OANDA)
getMA(int, string) Gets a Moving Average based on type
Parameters:
int : _length The MA period
string : _maType The type of MA
Returns: A moving average with the given parameters
getEAP(float) Performs EAP stop loss size calculation (eg. ATR >= 20.0 and ATR < 30, returns 20)
Parameters:
float : _atr The given ATR to base the EAP SL calculation on
Returns: The EAP SL converted ATR size
barsAboveMA(int, float) Counts how many candles are above the MA
Parameters:
int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over
float : _ma The moving average to check
Returns: The bar count of how many recent bars are above the MA
barsBelowMA(int, float) Counts how many candles are below the MA
Parameters:
int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over
float : _ma The moving average to reference
Returns: The bar count of how many recent bars are below the EMA
barsCrossedMA(int, float) Counts how many times the EMA was crossed recently
Parameters:
int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over
float : _ma The moving average to reference
Returns: The bar count of how many times price recently crossed the EMA
getPullbackBarCount(int, int) Counts how many green & red bars have printed recently (ie. pullback count)
Parameters:
int : _lookback The lookback period to look back over
int : _direction The color of the bar to count (1 = Green, -1 = Red)
Returns: The bar count of how many candles have retraced over the given lookback & direction
getBodySize() Gets the current candle's body size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips)
Returns: The current candle's body size in POINTS
getTopWickSize() Gets the current candle's top wick size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips)
Returns: The current candle's top wick size in POINTS
getBottomWickSize() Gets the current candle's bottom wick size (in POINTS, divide by 10 to get pips)
Returns: The current candle's bottom wick size in POINTS
getBodyPercent() Gets the current candle's body size as a percentage of its entire size including its wicks
Returns: The current candle's body size percentage
isHammer(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a hammer candle based on the given parameters
Parameters:
float : _fib (default=0.382) The fib to base candle body on
bool : _colorMatch (default=false) Does the candle need to be green? (true/false)
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a hammer candle
isStar(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a shooting star candle based on the given parameters
Parameters:
float : _fib (default=0.382) The fib to base candle body on
bool : _colorMatch (default=false) Does the candle need to be red? (true/false)
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a shooting star candle
isDoji(float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a doji candle based on the given parameters
Parameters:
float : _wickSize (default=2) The maximum top wick size compared to the bottom (and vice versa)
bool : _bodySize (default=0.05) The maximum body size as a percentage compared to the entire candle size
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a doji candle
isBullishEC(float, float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a bullish engulfing candle
Parameters:
float : _allowance (default=0) How many POINTS to allow the open to be off by (useful for markets with micro gaps)
float : _rejectionWickSize (default=disabled) The maximum rejection wick size compared to the body as a percentage
bool : _engulfWick (default=false) Does the engulfing candle require the wick to be engulfed as well?
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a bullish engulfing candle
isBearishEC(float, float, bool) Checks if the current bar is a bearish engulfing candle
Parameters:
float : _allowance (default=0) How many POINTS to allow the open to be off by (useful for markets with micro gaps)
float : _rejectionWickSize (default=disabled) The maximum rejection wick size compared to the body as a percentage
bool : _engulfWick (default=false) Does the engulfing candle require the wick to be engulfed as well?
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar matches the requirements of a bearish engulfing candle
timeFilter(string, bool) Determines if the current price bar falls inside the specified session
Parameters:
string : _sess The session to check
bool : _useFilter (default=false) Whether or not to actually use this filter
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given time session
dateFilter(int, int) Determines if this bar's time falls within date filter range
Parameters:
int : _startTime The UNIX date timestamp to begin searching from
int : _endTime the UNIX date timestamp to stop searching from
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given dates
dayFilter(bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, bool) Checks if the current bar's day is in the list of given days to analyze
Parameters:
bool : _monday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false)
bool : _tuesday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false)
bool : _wednesday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false)
bool : _thursday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false)
bool : _friday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false)
bool : _saturday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false)
bool : _sunday Should the script analyze this day? (true/false)
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar's day is one of the given days
atrFilter(float, float) Checks the current bar's size against the given ATR and max size
Parameters:
float : _atr (default=ATR 14 period) The given ATR to check
float : _maxSize The maximum ATR multiplier of the current candle
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar's size is less than or equal to _atr x _maxSize
fillCell(table, int, int, string, string, color, color) This updates the given table's cell with the given values
Parameters:
table : _table The table ID to update
int : _column The column to update
int : _row The row to update
string : _title The title of this cell
string : _value The value of this cell
color : _bgcolor The background color of this cell
color : _txtcolor The text color of this cell
Returns: A boolean - true if the current bar falls within the given dates
3rd WaveHello All,
In Elliott Wave Theory, 3rd wave is not the shortest one in the waves 1/3/5 and it's usually longest one. so if we can catch it then we may get good opportunities to trade. This script finds 3rd wave experimentally. it can be also the 3rd waves in the waves 1, 3, 5, A and C. the 3rd wave should have greater volume than other waves, the script can check its volume and compare with the volumes of the waves 1 and 2 optionally.
Pine Team released Pine version 5! This script was developed in v5 and it uses Library feature of Pine v5 for the zigzag functions. This script is also an example for the Pine developers who learn Pine v5 and Libraries.
Options:
Zigzag Period: is the length that is used to calculate highest/lowest and the zigzag waves
Min/Max Retracements: is the retracement rates to check the wave 2 according to wave 1. for example; if min/max values are 0.500-0.618 then wave 2 must be minimum 0.500 of wave 1 and maximum 0.618 of wave 1.
Check Volume Support: is an option to compare the volumes of1. 2. and . waves. if you enable this option then the script checks their volume and 3rd wave volume must be greater then 1 and 2
there are 4 options for the targets. you can enable/disable and change their levels. targets are calculated using length of wave 1.
Options to show breakout zone, zigzag, wave 1 and 2.
and some options for the colors.
The Library that is used in this script:
P.S. This is an experimental work and can be improved. So do not hesitate to drop your comments under the script ;)
Enjoy!
[SCL] Significant Figures Example FunctionThis script consist of a single example function that takes a floating-point number - one that can, but doesn't have to, include a decimal point - and converts it to a floating-point number with only a certain number of significant digits left.
I'm not aware of another script that does this. There might well be a simpler way, in which case please do let me know.
For example, say you want to display a variable from your script to the user and it comes out to something like 45.366666666666666666666667 or whatever. That looks awful when you, for example, print it in a label.
Now, you could round it up to the nearest integer easily using a built-in function, or even to a certain number of decimal places using a reasonably simple custom function.
But that's a bit arbitrary. Suppose you don't know what asset the script will be used on, and so you can't predict what the price is, and what the value will turn out to be.
It could be 0.00045366666666666666666666667 instead. Now if you round it up to 3 decimal places it comes out as 0.000, which is useless.
My function will round that number to 0.0004536 instead, if told to do it to 4 significant digits.
You're free to use this function in your own scripts, including closed-source scripts, without asking permission. Credit to @SimpleCryptoLife would be appreciated.
Ruckard TradingLatinoThis strategy tries to mimic TradingLatino strategy.
The current implementation is beta.
Si hablas castellano o espanyol por favor consulta MENSAJE EN CASTELLANO más abajo.
It's aimed at BTCUSDT pair and 4h timeframe.
STRATEGY DEFAULT SETTINGS EXPLANATION
max_bars_back=5000 : This is a random number of bars so that the strategy test lasts for one or two years
calc_on_order_fills=false : To wait for the 4h closing is too much. Try to check if it's worth entering a position after closing one. I finally decided not to recheck if it's worth entering after an order is closed. So it is false.
calc_on_every_tick=false
pyramiding=0 : We only want one entry allowed in the same direction. And we don't want the order to scale by error.
initial_capital=1000 : These are 1000 USDT. By using 1% maximum loss per trade and 7% as a default stop loss by using 1000 USDT at 12000 USDT per BTC price you would entry with around 142 USDT which are converted into: 0.010 BTC . The maximum number of decimal for contracts on this BTCUSDT market is 3 decimals. E.g. the minimum might be: 0.001 BTC . So, this minimal 1000 amount ensures us not to entry with less than 0.001 entries which might have happened when using 100 USDT as an initial capital.
slippage=1 : Binance BTCUSDT mintick is: 0.01. Binance slippage: 0.1 % (Let's assume). TV has an integer slippage. It does not have a percentage based slippage. If we assume a 1000 initial capital, the recommended equity is 142 which at 11996 USDT per BTC price means: 0.011 BTC. The 0.1% slippage of: 0.011 BTC would be: 0.000011 . This is way smaller than the mintick. So our slippage is going to be 1. E.g. 1 (slippage) * 0.01 (mintick)
commission_type=strategy.commission.percent and commission_value=0.1 : According to: binance . com / en / fee / schedule in VIP 0 level both maker and taker fees are: 0.1 %.
BACKGROUND
Jaime Merino is a well known Youtuber focused on crypto trading
His channel TradingLatino
features monday to friday videos where he explains his strategy.
JAIME MERINO STANCE ON BOTS
Jaime Merino stance on bots (taken from memory out of a 2020 June video from him):
'~
You know. They can program you a bot and it might work.
But, there are some special situations that the bot would not be able to handle.
And, I, as a human, I would handle it. And the bot wouldn't do it.
~'
My long term target with this strategy script is add as many
special situations as I can to the script
so that it can match Jaime Merino behaviour even in non normal circumstances.
My alternate target is learn Pine script
and enjoy programming with it.
WARNING
This script might be bigger than other TradingView scripts.
However, please, do not be confused because the current status is beta.
This script has not been tested with real money.
This is NOT an official strategy from Jaime Merino.
This is NOT an official strategy from TradingLatino . net .
HOW IT WORKS
It basically uses ADX slope and LazyBear's Squeeze Momentum Indicator
to make its buy and sell decisions.
Fast paced EMA being bigger than slow paced EMA
(on higher timeframe) advices going long.
Fast paced EMA being smaller than slow paced EMA
(on higher timeframe) advices going short.
It finally add many substrats that TradingLatino uses.
SETTINGS
__ SETTINGS - Basics
____ SETTINGS - Basics - ADX
(ADX) Smoothing {14}
(ADX) DI Length {14}
(ADX) key level {23}
____ SETTINGS - Basics - LazyBear Squeeze Momentum
(SQZMOM) BB Length {20}
(SQZMOM) BB MultFactor {2.0}
(SQZMOM) KC Length {20}
(SQZMOM) KC MultFactor {1.5}
(SQZMOM) Use TrueRange (KC) {True}
____ SETTINGS - Basics - EMAs
(EMAS) EMA10 - Length {10}
(EMAS) EMA10 - Source {close}
(EMAS) EMA55 - Length {55}
(EMAS) EMA55 - Source {close}
____ SETTINGS - Volume Profile
Lowest and highest VPoC from last three days
is used to know if an entry has a support
VPVR of last 100 4h bars
is also taken into account
(VP) Use number of bars (not VP timeframe): Uses 'Number of bars {100}' setting instead of 'Volume Profile timeframe' setting for calculating session VPoC
(VP) Show tick difference from current price {False}: BETA . Might be useful for actions some day.
(VP) Number of bars {100}: If 'Use number of bars (not VP timeframe)' is turned on this setting is used to calculate session VPoC.
(VP) Volume Profile timeframe {1 day}: If 'Use number of bars (not VP timeframe)' is turned off this setting is used to calculate session VPoC.
(VP) Row width multiplier {0.6}: Adjust how the extra Volume Profile bars are shown in the chart.
(VP) Resistances prices number of decimal digits : Round Volume Profile bars label numbers so that they don't have so many decimals.
(VP) Number of bars for bottom VPOC {18}: 18 bars equals 3 days in suggested timeframe of 4 hours. It's used to calculate lowest session VPoC from previous three days. It's also used as a top VPOC for sells.
(VP) Ignore VPOC bottom advice on long {False}: If turned on it ignores bottom VPOC (or top VPOC on sells) when evaluating if a buy entry is worth it.
(VP) Number of bars for VPVR VPOC {100}: Number of bars to calculate the VPVR VPoC. We use 100 as Jaime once used. When the price bounces back to the EMA55 it might just bounce to this VPVR VPoC if its price it's lower than the EMA55 (Sells have inverse algorithm).
____ SETTINGS - ADX Slope
ADX Slope
help us to understand if ADX
has a positive slope, negative slope
or it is rather still.
(ADXSLOPE) ADX cut {23}: If ADX value is greater than this cut (23) then ADX has strength
(ADXSLOPE) ADX minimum steepness entry {45}: ADX slope needs to be 45 degrees to be considered as a positive one.
(ADXSLOPE) ADX minimum steepness exit {45}: ADX slope needs to be -45 degrees to be considered as a negative one.
(ADXSLOPE) ADX steepness periods {3}: In order to avoid false detection the slope is calculated along 3 periods.
____ SETTINGS - Next to EMA55
(NEXTEMA55) EMA10 to EMA55 bounce back percentage {80}: EMA10 might bounce back to EMA55 or maybe to 80% of its complete way to EMA55
(NEXTEMA55) Next to EMA55 percentage {15}: How much next to the EMA55 you need to be to consider it's going to bounce back upwards again.
____ SETTINGS - Stop Loss and Take Profit
You can set a default stop loss or a default take profit.
(STOPTAKE) Stop Loss % {7.0}
(STOPTAKE) Take Profit % {2.0}
____ SETTINGS - Trailing Take Profit
You can customize the default trailing take profit values
(TRAILING) Trailing Take Profit (%) {1.0}: Trailing take profit offset in percentage
(TRAILING) Trailing Take Profit Trigger (%) {2.0}: When 2.0% of benefit is reached then activate the trailing take profit.
____ SETTINGS - MAIN TURN ON/OFF OPTIONS
(EMAS) Ignore advice based on emas {false}.
(EMAS) Ignore advice based on emas (On closing long signal) {False}: Ignore advice based on emas but only when deciding to close a buy entry.
(SQZMOM) Ignore advice based on SQZMOM {false}: Ignores advice based on SQZMOM indicator.
(ADXSLOPE) Ignore advice based on ADX positive slope {false}
(ADXSLOPE) Ignore advice based on ADX cut (23) {true}
(STOPTAKE) Take Profit? {false}: Enables simple Take Profit.
(STOPTAKE) Stop Loss? {True}: Enables simple Stop Loss.
(TRAILING) Enable Trailing Take Profit (%) {True}: Enables Trailing Take Profit.
____ SETTINGS - Strategy mode
(STRAT) Type Strategy: 'Long and Short', 'Long Only' or 'Short Only'. Default: 'Long and Short'.
____ SETTINGS - Risk Management
(RISKM) Risk Management Type: 'Safe', 'Somewhat safe compound' or 'Unsafe compound'. ' Safe ': Calculations are always done with the initial capital (1000) in mind. The maximum losses per trade/day/week/month are taken into account. ' Somewhat safe compound ': Calculations are done with initial capital (1000) or a higher capital if it increases. The maximum losses per trade/day/week/month are taken into account. ' Unsafe compound ': In each order all the current capital is gambled and only the default stop loss per order is taken into account. That means that the maximum losses per trade/day/week/month are not taken into account. Default : 'Somewhat safe compound'.
(RISKM) Maximum loss per trade % {1.0}.
(RISKM) Maximum loss per day % {6.0}.
(RISKM) Maximum loss per week % {8.0}.
(RISKM) Maximum loss per month % {10.0}.
____ SETTINGS - Decimals
(DECIMAL) Maximum number of decimal for contracts {3}: How small (3 decimals means 0.001) an entry position might be in your exchange.
EXTRA 1 - PRICE IS IN RANGE indicator
(PRANGE) Print price is in range {False}: Enable a bottom label that indicates if the price is in range or not.
(PRANGE) Price range periods {5}: How many previous periods are used to calculate the medians
(PRANGE) Price range maximum desviation (%) {0.6} ( > 0 ): Maximum positive desviation for range detection
(PRANGE) Price range minimum desviation (%) {0.6} ( > 0 ): Mininum negative desviation for range detection
EXTRA 2 - SQUEEZE MOMENTUM Desviation indicator
(SQZDIVER) Show degrees {False}: Show degrees of each Squeeze Momentum Divergence lines to the x-axis.
(SQZDIVER) Show desviation labels {False}: Whether to show or not desviation labels for the Squeeze Momentum Divergences.
(SQZDIVER) Show desviation lines {False}: Whether to show or not desviation lines for the Squeeze Momentum Divergences.
EXTRA 3 - VOLUME PROFILE indicator
WARNING: This indicator works not on current bar but on previous bar. So in the worst case it might be VP from 4 hours ago. Don't worry, inside the strategy calculus the correct values are used. It's just that I cannot show the most recent one in the chart.
(VP) Print recent profile {False}: Show Volume Profile indicator
(VP) Avoid label price overlaps {False}: Avoid label prices to overlap on the chart.
EXTRA 4 - ZIGNALY SUPPORT
(ZIG) Zignaly Alert Type {Email}: 'Email', 'Webhook'. ' Email ': Prepare alert_message variable content to be compatible with zignaly expected email content format. ' Webhook ': Prepare alert_message variable content to be compatible with zignaly expected json content format.
EXTRA 5 - DEBUG
(DEBUG) Enable debug on order comments {False}: If set to true it prepares the order message to match the alert_message variable. It makes easier to debug what would have been sent by email or webhook on each of the times an order is triggered.
HOW TO USE THIS STRATEGY
BOT MODE: This is the default setting.
PROPER VOLUME PROFILE VIEWING: Click on this strategy settings. Properties tab. Make sure Recalculate 'each time the order was run' is turned off.
NEWBIE USER: (Check PROPER VOLUME PROFILE VIEWING above!) You might want to turn on the 'Print recent profile {False}' setting. Alternatively you can use my alternate realtime study: 'Resistances and supports based on simplified Volume Profile' but, be aware, it might consume one indicator.
ADVANCED USER 1: Turn on the 'Print price is in range {False}' setting and help us to debug this subindicator. Also help us to figure out how to include this value in the strategy.
ADVANCED USER 2: Turn on the all the (SQZDIVER) settings and help us to figure out how to include this value in the strategy.
ADVANCED USER 3: (Check PROPER VOLUME PROFILE VIEWING above!) Turn on the 'Print recent profile {False}' setting and report any problem with it.
JAIME MERINO: Just use the indicator as it comes by default. It should only show BUY signals, SELL signals and their associated closing signals. From time to time you might want to check 'ADVANCED USER 2' instructions to check that there's actually a divergence. Check also 'ADVANCED USER 1' instructions for your amusement.
EXTRA ADVICE
It's advised that you use this strategy in addition to these two other indicators:
* Squeeze Momentum Indicator
* ADX
so that your chart matches as close as possible to TradingLatino chart.
ZIGNALY INTEGRATION
This strategy supports Zignaly email integration by default. It also supports Zignaly Webhook integration.
ZIGNALY INTEGRATION - Email integration example
What you would write in your alert message:
||{{strategy.order.alert_message}}||key=MYSECRETKEY||
ZIGNALY INTEGRATION - Webhook integration example
What you would write in your alert message:
{ {{strategy.order.alert_message}} , "key" : "MYSECRETKEY" }
CREDITS
I have reused and adapted some code from
'Directional Movement Index + ADX & Keylevel Support' study
which it's from TradingView console user.
I have reused and adapted some code from
'3ema' study
which it's from TradingView hunganhnguyen1193 user.
I have reused and adapted some code from
'Squeeze Momentum Indicator ' study
which it's from TradingView LazyBear user.
I have reused and adapted some code from
'Strategy Tester EMA-SMA-RSI-MACD' study
which it's from TradingView fikira user.
I have reused and adapted some code from
'Support Resistance MTF' study
which it's from TradingView LonesomeTheBlue user.
I have reused and adapted some code from
'TF Segmented Linear Regression' study
which it's from TradingView alexgrover user.
I have reused and adapted some code from
"Poor man's volume profile" study
which it's from TradingView IldarAkhmetgaleev user.
FEEDBACK
Please check the strategy source code for more detailed information
where, among others, I explain all of the substrats
and if they are implemented or not.
Q1. Did I understand wrong any of the Jaime substrats (which I have implemented)?
Q2. The strategy yields quite profit when we should long (EMA10 from 1d timeframe is higher than EMA55 from 1d timeframe.
Why the strategy yields much less profit when we should short (EMA10 from 1d timeframe is lower than EMA55 from 1d timeframe)?
Any idea if you need to do something else rather than just reverse what Jaime does when longing?
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
FAQ1. Why are you giving this strategy for free?
TradingLatino and his fellow enthusiasts taught me this strategy. Now I'm giving back to them.
FAQ2. Seriously! Why are you giving this strategy for free?
I'm confident his strategy might be improved a lot. By keeping it to myself I would avoid other people contributions to improve it.
Now that everyone can contribute this is a win-win.
FAQ3. How can I connect this strategy to my Exchange account?
It seems that you can attach alerts to strategies.
You might want to combine it with a paying account which enable Webhook URLs to work.
I don't know how all of this works right now so I cannot give you advice on it.
You will have to do your own research on this subject. But, be careful. Automating trades, if not done properly,
might end on you automating losses.
FAQ4. I have just found that this strategy by default gives more than 3.97% of 'maximum series of losses'. That's unacceptable according to my risk management policy.
You might want to reduce default stop loss setting from 7% to something like 5% till you are ok with the 'maximum series of losses'.
FAQ5. Where can I learn more about your work on this strategy?
Check the source code. You might find unused strategies. Either because there's not a substantial increases on earnings. Or maybe because they have not been implemented yet.
FAQ6. How much leverage is applied in this strategy?
No leverage.
FAQ7. Any difference with original Jaime Merino strategy?
Most of the times Jaime defines an stop loss at the price entry. That's not the case here. The default stop loss is 7% (but, don't be confused it only means losing 1% of your investment thanks to risk management). There's also a trailing take profit that triggers at 2% profit with a 1% trailing.
FAQ8. Why this strategy return is so small?
The strategy should be improved a lot. And, well, backtesting in this platform is not guaranteed to return theoric results comparable to real-life returns. That's why I'm personally forward testing this strategy to verify it.
MENSAJE EN CASTELLANO
En primer lugar se agradece feedback para mejorar la estrategia.
Si eres un usuario avanzado y quieres colaborar en mejorar el script no dudes en comentar abajo.
Ten en cuenta que aunque toda esta descripción tenga que estar en inglés no es obligatorio que el comentario esté en inglés.
CHISTE - CASTELLANO
¡Pero Jaime!
¡400.000!
¡Tu da mun!
TTM Squeeze Scanner This script scans for TTM Squeezes for the crypto symbols included in the body of the script. The timeframe for the squeeze scan is controlled within the input not the chart.
This script is a merge of @Nico.Muselle's TTM Squeeze script and @QuantNomad's custom screener script. Thanks to both of them!
Backtesting & Trading Engine [PineCoders]The PineCoders Backtesting and Trading Engine is a sophisticated framework with hybrid code that can run as a study to generate alerts for automated or discretionary trading while simultaneously providing backtest results. It can also easily be converted to a TradingView strategy in order to run TV backtesting. The Engine comes with many built-in strats for entries, filters, stops and exits, but you can also add you own.
If, like any self-respecting strategy modeler should, you spend a reasonable amount of time constantly researching new strategies and tinkering, our hope is that the Engine will become your inseparable go-to tool to test the validity of your creations, as once your tests are conclusive, you will be able to run this code as a study to generate the alerts required to put it in real-world use, whether for discretionary trading or to interface with an execution bot/app. You may also find the backtesting results the Engine produces in study mode enough for your needs and spend most of your time there, only occasionally converting to strategy mode in order to backtest using TV backtesting.
As you will quickly grasp when you bring up this script’s Settings, this is a complex tool. While you will be able to see results very quickly by just putting it on a chart and using its built-in strategies, in order to reap the full benefits of the PineCoders Engine, you will need to invest the time required to understand the subtleties involved in putting all its potential into play.
Disclaimer: use the Engine at your own risk.
Before we delve in more detail, here’s a bird’s eye view of the Engine’s features:
More than 40 built-in strategies,
Customizable components,
Coupling with your own external indicator,
Simple conversion from Study to Strategy modes,
Post-Exit analysis to search for alternate trade outcomes,
Use of the Data Window to show detailed bar by bar trade information and global statistics, including some not provided by TV backtesting,
Plotting of reminders and generation of alerts on in-trade events.
By combining your own strats to the built-in strats supplied with the Engine, and then tuning the numerous options and parameters in the Inputs dialog box, you will be able to play what-if scenarios from an infinite number of permutations.
USE CASES
You have written an indicator that provides an entry strat but it’s missing other components like a filter and a stop strategy. You add a plot in your indicator that respects the Engine’s External Signal Protocol, connect it to the Engine by simply selecting your indicator’s plot name in the Engine’s Settings/Inputs and then run tests on different combinations of entry stops, in-trade stops and profit taking strats to find out which one produces the best results with your entry strat.
You are building a complex strategy that you will want to run as an indicator generating alerts to be sent to a third-party execution bot. You insert your code in the Engine’s modules and leverage its trade management code to quickly move your strategy into production.
You have many different filters and want to explore results using them separately or in combination. Integrate the filter code in the Engine and run through different permutations or hook up your filtering through the external input and control your filter combos from your indicator.
You are tweaking the parameters of your entry, filter or stop strat. You integrate it in the Engine and evaluate its performance using the Engine’s statistics.
You always wondered what results a random entry strat would yield on your markets. You use the Engine’s built-in random entry strat and test it using different combinations of filters, stop and exit strats.
You want to evaluate the impact of fees and slippage on your strategy. You use the Engine’s inputs to play with different values and get immediate feedback in the detailed numbers provided in the Data Window.
You just want to inspect the individual trades your strategy generates. You include it in the Engine and then inspect trades visually on your charts, looking at the numbers in the Data Window as you move your cursor around.
You have never written a production-grade strategy and you want to learn how. Inspect the code in the Engine; you will find essential components typical of what is being used in actual trading systems.
You have run your system for a while and have compiled actual slippage information and your broker/exchange has updated his fees schedule. You enter the information in the Engine and run it on your markets to see the impact this has on your results.
FEATURES
Before going into the detail of the Inputs and the Data Window numbers, here’s a more detailed overview of the Engine’s features.
Built-in strats
The engine comes with more than 40 pre-coded strategies for the following standard system components:
Entries,
Filters,
Entry stops,
2 stage in-trade stops with kick-in rules,
Pyramiding rules,
Hard exits.
While some of the filter and stop strats provided may be useful in production-quality systems, you will not devise crazy profit-generating systems using only the entry strats supplied; that part is still up to you, as will be finding the elusive combination of components that makes winning systems. The Engine will, however, provide you with a solid foundation where all the trade management nitty-gritty is handled for you. By binding your custom strats to the Engine, you will be able to build reliable systems of the best quality currently allowed on the TV platform.
On-chart trade information
As you move over the bars in a trade, you will see trade numbers in the Data Window change at each bar. The engine calculates the P&L at every bar, including slippage and fees that would be incurred were the trade exited at that bar’s close. If the trade includes pyramided entries, those will be taken into account as well, although for those, final fees and slippage are only calculated at the trade’s exit.
You can also see on-chart markers for the entry level, stop positions, in-trade special events and entries/exits (you will want to disable these when using the Engine in strategy mode to see TV backtesting results).
Customization
You can couple your own strats to the Engine in two ways:
1. By inserting your own code in the Engine’s different modules. The modular design should enable you to do so with minimal effort by following the instructions in the code.
2. By linking an external indicator to the engine. After making the proper selections in the engine’s Settings and providing values respecting the engine’s protocol, your external indicator can, when the Engine is used in Indicator mode only:
Tell the engine when to enter long or short trades, but let the engine’s in-trade stop and exit strats manage the exits,
Signal both entries and exits,
Provide an entry stop along with your entry signal,
Filter other entry signals generated by any of the engine’s entry strats.
Conversion from strategy to study
TradingView strategies are required to backtest using the TradingView backtesting feature, but if you want to generate alerts with your script, whether for automated trading or just to trigger alerts that you will use in discretionary trading, your code has to run as a study since, for the time being, strategies can’t generate alerts. From hereon we will use indicator as a synonym for study.
Unless you want to maintain two code bases, you will need hybrid code that easily flips between strategy and indicator modes, and your code will need to restrict its use of strategy() calls and their arguments if it’s going to be able to run both as an indicator and a strategy using the same trade logic. That’s one of the benefits of using this Engine. Once you will have entered your own strats in the Engine, it will be a matter of commenting/uncommenting only four lines of code to flip between indicator and strategy modes in a matter of seconds.
Additionally, even when running in Indicator mode, the Engine will still provide you with precious numbers on your individual trades and global results, some of which are not available with normal TradingView backtesting.
Post-Exit Analysis for alternate outcomes (PEA)
While typical backtesting shows results of trade outcomes, PEA focuses on what could have happened after the exit. The intention is to help traders get an idea of the opportunity/risk in the bars following the trade in order to evaluate if their exit strategies are too aggressive or conservative.
After a trade is exited, the Engine’s PEA module continues analyzing outcomes for a user-defined quantity of bars. It identifies the maximum opportunity and risk available in that space, and calculates the drawdown required to reach the highest opportunity level post-exit, while recording the number of bars to that point.
Typically, if you can’t find opportunity greater than 1X past your trade using a few different reasonable lengths of PEA, your strategy is doing pretty good at capturing opportunity. Remember that 100% of opportunity is never capturable. If, however, PEA was finding post-trade maximum opportunity of 3 or 4X with average drawdowns of 0.3 to those areas, this could be a clue revealing your system is exiting trades prematurely. To analyze PEA numbers, you can uncomment complete sets of plots in the Plot module to reveal detailed global and individual PEA numbers.
Statistics
The Engine provides stats on your trades that TV backtesting does not provide, such as:
Average Profitability Per Trade (APPT), aka statistical expectancy, a crucial value.
APPT per bar,
Average stop size,
Traded volume .
It also shows you on a trade-by-trade basis, on-going individual trade results and data.
In-trade events
In-trade events can plot reminders and trigger alerts when they occur. The built-in events are:
Price approaching stop,
Possible tops/bottoms,
Large stop movement (for discretionary trading where stop is moved manually),
Large price movements.
Slippage and Fees
Even when running in indicator mode, the Engine allows for slippage and fees to be included in the logic and test results.
Alerts
The alert creation mechanism allows you to configure alerts on any combination of the normal or pyramided entries, exits and in-trade events.
Backtesting results
A few words on the numbers calculated in the Engine. Priority is given to numbers not shown in TV backtesting, as you can readily convert the script to a strategy if you need them.
We have chosen to focus on numbers expressing results relative to X (the trade’s risk) rather than in absolute currency numbers or in other more conventional but less useful ways. For example, most of the individual trade results are not shown in percentages, as this unit of measure is often less meaningful than those expressed in units of risk (X). A trade that closes with a +25% result, for example, is a poor outcome if it was entered with a -50% stop. Expressed in X, this trade’s P&L becomes 0.5, which provides much better insight into the trade’s outcome. A trade that closes with a P&L of +2X has earned twice the risk incurred upon entry, which would represent a pre-trade risk:reward ratio of 2.
The way to go about it when you think in X’s and that you adopt the sound risk management policy to risk a fixed percentage of your account on each trade is to equate a currency value to a unit of X. E.g. your account is 10K USD and you decide you will risk a maximum of 1% of it on each trade. That means your unit of X for each trade is worth 100 USD. If your APPT is 2X, this means every time you risk 100 USD in a trade, you can expect to make, on average, 200 USD.
By presenting results this way, we hope that the Engine’s statistics will appeal to those cognisant of sound risk management strategies, while gently leading traders who aren’t, towards them.
We trade to turn in tangible profits of course, so at some point currency must come into play. Accordingly, some values such as equity, P&L, slippage and fees are expressed in currency.
Many of the usual numbers shown in TV backtests are nonetheless available, but they have been commented out in the Engine’s Plot module.
Position sizing and risk management
All good system designers understand that optimal risk management is at the very heart of all winning strategies. The risk in a trade is defined by the fraction of current equity represented by the amplitude of the stop, so in order to manage risk optimally on each trade, position size should adjust to the stop’s amplitude. Systems that enter trades with a fixed stop amplitude can get away with calculating position size as a fixed percentage of current equity. In the context of a test run where equity varies, what represents a fixed amount of risk translates into different currency values.
Dynamically adjusting position size throughout a system’s life is optimal in many ways. First, as position sizing will vary with current equity, it reproduces a behavioral pattern common to experienced traders, who will dial down risk when confronted to poor performance and increase it when performance improves. Second, limiting risk confers more predictability to statistical test results. Third, position sizing isn’t just about managing risk, it’s also about maximizing opportunity. By using the maximum leverage (no reference to trading on margin here) into the trade that your risk management strategy allows, a dynamic position size allows you to capture maximal opportunity.
To calculate position sizes using the fixed risk method, we use the following formula: Position = Account * MaxRisk% / Stop% [, which calculates a position size taking into account the trade’s entry stop so that if the trade is stopped out, 100 USD will be lost. For someone who manages risk this way, common instructions to invest a certain percentage of your account in a position are simply worthless, as they do not take into account the risk incurred in the trade.
The Engine lets you select either the fixed risk or fixed percentage of equity position sizing methods. The closest thing to dynamic position sizing that can currently be done with alerts is to use a bot that allows syntax to specify position size as a percentage of equity which, while being dynamic in the sense that it will adapt to current equity when the trade is entered, does not allow us to modulate position size using the stop’s amplitude. Changes to alerts are on the way which should solve this problem.
In order for you to simulate performance with the constraint of fixed position sizing, the Engine also offers a third, less preferable option, where position size is defined as a fixed percentage of initial capital so that it is constant throughout the test and will thus represent a varying proportion of current equity.
Let’s recap. The three position sizing methods the Engine offers are:
1. By specifying the maximum percentage of risk to incur on your remaining equity, so the Engine will dynamically adjust position size for each trade so that, combining the stop’s amplitude with position size will yield a fixed percentage of risk incurred on current equity,
2. By specifying a fixed percentage of remaining equity. Note that unless your system has a fixed stop at entry, this method will not provide maximal risk control, as risk will vary with the amplitude of the stop for every trade. This method, as the first, does however have the advantage of automatically adjusting position size to equity. It is the Engine’s default method because it has an equivalent in TV backtesting, so when flipping between indicator and strategy mode, test results will more or less correspond.
3. By specifying a fixed percentage of the Initial Capital. While this is the least preferable method, it nonetheless reflects the reality confronted by most system designers on TradingView today. In this case, risk varies both because the fixed position size in initial capital currency represents a varying percentage of remaining equity, and because the trade’s stop amplitude may vary, adding another variability vector to risk.
Note that the Engine cannot display equity results for strategies entering trades for a fixed amount of shares/contracts at a variable price.
SETTINGS/INPUTS
Because the initial text first published with a script cannot be edited later and because there are just too many options, the Engine’s Inputs will not be covered in minute detail, as they will most certainly evolve. We will go over them with broad strokes; you should be able to figure the rest out. If you have questions, just ask them here or in the PineCoders Telegram group.
Display
The display header’s checkbox does nothing.
For the moment, only one exit strategy uses a take profit level, so only that one will show information when checking “Show Take Profit Level”.
Entries
You can activate two simultaneous entry strats, each selected from the same set of strats contained in the Engine. If you select two and they fire simultaneously, the main strat’s signal will be used.
The random strat in each list uses a different seed, so you will get different results from each.
The “Filter transitions” and “Filter states” strats delegate signal generation to the selected filter(s). “Filter transitions” signals will only fire when the filter transitions into bull/bear state, so after a trade is stopped out, the next entry may take some time to trigger if the filter’s state does not change quickly. When you choose “Filter states”, then a new trade will be entered immediately after an exit in the direction the filter allows.
If you select “External Indicator”, your indicator will need to generate a +2/-2 (or a positive/negative stop value) to enter a long/short position, providing the selected filters allow for it. If you wish to use the Engine’s capacity to also derive the entry stop level from your indicator’s signal, then you must explicitly choose this option in the Entry Stops section.
Filters
You can activate as many filters as you wish; they are additive. The “Maximum stop allowed on entry” is an important component of proper risk management. If your system has an average 3% stop size and you need to trade using fixed position sizes because of alert/execution bot limitations, you must use this filter because if your system was to enter a trade with a 15% stop, that trade would incur 5 times the normal risk, and its result would account for an abnormally high proportion in your system’s performance.
Remember that any filter can also be used as an entry signal, either when it changes states, or whenever no trade is active and the filter is in a bull or bear mode.
Entry Stops
An entry stop must be selected in the Engine, as it requires a stop level before the in-trade stop is calculated. Until the selected in-trade stop strat generates a stop that comes closer to price than the entry stop (or respects another one of the in-trade stops kick in strats), the entry stop level is used.
It is here that you must select “External Indicator” if your indicator supplies a +price/-price value to be used as the entry stop. A +price is expected for a long entry and a -price value will enter a short with a stop at price. Note that the price is the absolute price, not an offset to the current price level.
In-Trade Stops
The Engine comes with many built-in in-trade stop strats. Note that some of them share the “Length” and “Multiple” field, so when you swap between them, be sure that the length and multiple in use correspond to what you want for that stop strat. Suggested defaults appear with the name of each strat in the dropdown.
In addition to the strat you wish to use, you must also determine when it kicks in to replace the initial entry’s stop, which is determined using different strats. For strats where you can define a positive or negative multiple of X, percentage or fixed value for a kick-in strat, a positive value is above the trade’s entry fill and a negative one below. A value of zero represents breakeven.
Pyramiding
What you specify in this section are the rules that allow pyramiding to happen. By themselves, these rules will not generate pyramiding entries. For those to happen, entry signals must be issued by one of the active entry strats, and conform to the pyramiding rules which act as a filter for them. The “Filter must allow entry” selection must be chosen if you want the usual system’s filters to act as additional filtering criteria for your pyramided entries.
Hard Exits
You can choose from a variety of hard exit strats. Hard exits are exit strategies which signal trade exits on specific events, as opposed to price breaching a stop level in In-Trade Stops strategies. They are self-explanatory. The last one labelled When Take Profit Level (multiple of X) is reached is the only one that uses a level, but contrary to stops, it is above price and while it is relative because it is expressed as a multiple of X, it does not move during the trade. This is the level called Take Profit that is show when the “Show Take Profit Level” checkbox is checked in the Display section.
While stops focus on managing risk, hard exit strategies try to put the emphasis on capturing opportunity.
Slippage
You can define it as a percentage or a fixed value, with different settings for entries and exits. The entry and exit markers on the chart show the impact of slippage on the entry price (the fill).
Fees
Fees, whether expressed as a percentage of position size in and out of the trade or as a fixed value per in and out, are in the same units of currency as the capital defined in the Position Sizing section. Fees being deducted from your Capital, they do not have an impact on the chart marker positions.
In-Trade Events
These events will only trigger during trades. They can be helpful to act as reminders for traders using the Engine as assistance to discretionary trading.
Post-Exit Analysis
It is normally on. Some of its results will show in the Global Numbers section of the Data Window. Only a few of the statistics generated are shown; many more are available, but commented out in the Plot module.
Date Range Filtering
Note that you don’t have to change the dates to enable/diable filtering. When you are done with a specific date range, just uncheck “Date Range Filtering” to disable date filtering.
Alert Triggers
Each selection corresponds to one condition. Conditions can be combined into a single alert as you please. Just be sure you have selected the ones you want to trigger the alert before you create the alert. For example, if you trade in both directions and you want a single alert to trigger on both types of exits, you must select both “Long Exit” and “Short Exit” before creating your alert.
Once the alert is triggered, these settings no longer have relevance as they have been saved with the alert.
When viewing charts where an alert has just triggered, if your alert triggers on more than one condition, you will need the appropriate markers active on your chart to figure out which condition triggered the alert, since plotting of markers is independent of alert management.
Position sizing
You have 3 options to determine position size:
1. Proportional to Stop -> Variable, with a cap on size.
2. Percentage of equity -> Variable.
3. Percentage of Initial Capital -> Fixed.
External Indicator
This is where you connect your indicator’s plot that will generate the signals the Engine will act upon. Remember this only works in Indicator mode.
DATA WINDOW INFORMATION
The top part of the window contains global numbers while the individual trade information appears in the bottom part. The different types of units used to express values are:
curr: denotes the currency used in the Position Sizing section of Inputs for the Initial Capital value.
quote: denotes quote currency, i.e. the value the instrument is expressed in, or the right side of the market pair (USD in EURUSD ).
X: the stop’s amplitude, itself expressed in quote currency, which we use to express a trade’s P&L, so that a trade with P&L=2X has made twice the stop’s amplitude in profit. This is sometimes referred to as R, since it represents one unit of risk. It is also the unit of measure used in the APPT, which denotes expected reward per unit of risk.
X%: is also the stop’s amplitude, but expressed as a percentage of the Entry Fill.
The numbers appearing in the Data Window are all prefixed:
“ALL:” the number is the average for all first entries and pyramided entries.
”1ST:” the number is for first entries only.
”PYR:” the number is for pyramided entries only.
”PEA:” the number is for Post-Exit Analyses
Global Numbers
Numbers in this section represent the results of all trades up to the cursor on the chart.
Average Profitability Per Trade (X): This value is the most important gauge of your strat’s worthiness. It represents the returns that can be expected from your strat for each unit of risk incurred. E.g.: your APPT is 2.0, thus for every unit of currency you invest in a trade, you can on average expect to obtain 2 after the trade. APPT is also referred to as “statistical expectancy”. If it is negative, your strategy is losing, even if your win rate is very good (it means your winning trades aren’t winning enough, or your losing trades lose too much, or both). Its counterpart in currency is also shown, as is the APPT/bar, which can be a useful gauge in deciding between rivalling systems.
Profit Factor: Gross of winning trades/Gross of losing trades. Strategy is profitable when >1. Not as useful as the APPT because it doesn’t take into account the win rate and the average win/loss per trade. It is calculated from the total winning/losing results of this particular backtest and has less predictive value than the APPT. A good profit factor together with a poor APPT means you just found a chart where your system outperformed. Relying too much on the profit factor is a bit like a poker player who would think going all in with two’s against aces is optimal because he just won a hand that way.
Win Rate: Percentage of winning trades out of all trades. Taken alone, it doesn’t have much to do with strategy profitability. You can have a win rate of 99% but if that one trade in 100 ruins you because of poor risk management, 99% doesn’t look so good anymore. This number speaks more of the system’s profile than its worthiness. Still, it can be useful to gauge if the system fits your personality. It can also be useful to traders intending to sell their systems, as low win rate systems are more difficult to sell and require more handholding of worried customers.
Equity (curr): This the sum of initial capital and the P&L of your system’s trades, including fees and slippage.
Return on Capital is the equivalent of TV’s Net Profit figure, i.e. the variation on your initial capital.
Maximum drawdown is the maximal drawdown from the highest equity point until the drop . There is also a close to close (meaning it doesn’t take into account in-trade variations) maximum drawdown value commented out in the code.
The next values are self-explanatory, until:
PYR: Avg Profitability Per Entry (X): this is the APPT for all pyramided entries.
PEA: Avg Max Opp . Available (X): the average maximal opportunity found in the Post-Exit Analyses.
PEA: Avg Drawdown to Max Opp . (X): this represents the maximum drawdown (incurred from the close at the beginning of the PEA analysis) required to reach the maximal opportunity point.
Trade Information
Numbers in this section concern only the current trade under the cursor. Most of them are self-explanatory. Use the description’s prefix to determine what the values applies to.
PYR: Avg Profitability Per Entry (X): While this value includes the impact of all current pyramided entries (and only those) and updates when you move your cursor around, P&L only reflects fees at the trade’s last bar.
PEA: Max Opp . Available (X): It’s the most profitable close reached post-trade, measured from the trade’s Exit Fill, expressed in the X value of the trade the PEA follows.
PEA: Drawdown to Max Opp . (X): This is the maximum drawdown from the trade’s Exit Fill that needs to be sustained in order to reach the maximum opportunity point, also expressed in X. Note that PEA numbers do not include slippage and fees.
EXTERNAL SIGNAL PROTOCOL
Only one external indicator can be connected to a script; in order to leverage its use to the fullest, the engine provides options to use it as either an entry signal, an entry/exit signal or a filter. When used as an entry signal, you can also use the signal to provide the entry’s stop. Here’s how this works:
For filter state: supply +1 for bull (long entries allowed), -1 for bear (short entries allowed).
For entry signals: supply +2 for long, -2 for short.
For exit signals: supply +3 for exit from long, -3 for exit from short.
To send an entry stop level with an entry signal: Send positive stop level for long entry (e.g. 103.33 to enter a long with a stop at 103.33), negative stop level for short entry (e.g. -103.33 to enter a short with a stop at 103.33). If you use this feature, your indicator will have to check for exact stop levels of 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 and their negative counterparts, and fudge them with a tick in order to avoid confusion with other signals in the protocol.
Remember that mere generation of the values by your indicator will have no effect until you explicitly allow their use in the appropriate sections of the Engine’s Settings/Inputs.
An example of a script issuing a signal for the Engine is published by PineCoders.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO ASPIRING SYSTEM DESIGNERS
Stick to higher timeframes. On progressively lower timeframes, margins decrease and fees and slippage take a proportionally larger portion of profits, to the point where they can very easily turn a profitable strategy into a losing one. Additionally, your margin for error shrinks as the equilibrium of your system’s profitability becomes more fragile with the tight numbers involved in the shorter time frames. Avoid <1H time frames.
Know and calculate fees and slippage. To avoid market shock, backtest using conservative fees and slippage parameters. Systems rarely show unexpectedly good returns when they are confronted to the markets, so put all chances on your side by being outrageously conservative—or a the very least, realistic. Test results that do not include fees and slippage are worthless. Slippage is there for a reason, and that’s because our interventions in the market change the market. It is easier to find alpha in illiquid markets such as cryptos because not many large players participate in them. If your backtesting results are based on moving large positions and you don’t also add the inevitable slippage that will occur when you enter/exit thin markets, your backtesting will produce unrealistic results. Even if you do include large slippage in your settings, the Engine can only do so much as it will not let slippage push fills past the high or low of the entry bar, but the gap may be much larger in illiquid markets.
Never test and optimize your system on the same dataset , as that is the perfect recipe for overfitting or data dredging, which is trying to find one precise set of rules/parameters that works only on one dataset. These setups are the most fragile and often get destroyed when they meet the real world.
Try to find datasets yielding more than 100 trades. Less than that and results are not as reliable.
Consider all backtesting results with suspicion. If you never entertained sceptic tendencies, now is the time to begin. If your backtest results look really good, assume they are flawed, either because of your methodology, the data you’re using or the software doing the testing. Always assume the worse and learn proper backtesting techniques such as monte carlo simulations and walk forward analysis to avoid the traps and biases that unchecked greed will set for you. If you are not familiar with concepts such as survivor bias, lookahead bias and confirmation bias, learn about them.
Stick to simple bars or candles when designing systems. Other types of bars often do not yield reliable results, whether by design (Heikin Ashi) or because of the way they are implemented on TV (Renko bars).
Know that you don’t know and use that knowledge to learn more about systems and how to properly test them, about your biases, and about yourself.
Manage risk first , then capture opportunity.
Respect the inherent uncertainty of the future. Cleanse yourself of the sad arrogance and unchecked greed common to newcomers to trading. Strive for rationality. Respect the fact that while backtest results may look promising, there is no guarantee they will repeat in the future (there is actually a high probability they won’t!), because the future is fundamentally unknowable. If you develop a system that looks promising, don’t oversell it to others whose greed may lead them to entertain unreasonable expectations.
Have a plan. Understand what king of trading system you are trying to build. Have a clear picture or where entries, exits and other important levels will be in the sort of trade you are trying to create with your system. This stated direction will help you discard more efficiently many of the inevitably useless ideas that will pop up during system design.
Be wary of complexity. Experienced systems engineers understand how rapidly complexity builds when you assemble components together—however simple each one may be. The more complex your system, the more difficult it will be to manage.
Play! . Allow yourself time to play around when you design your systems. While much comes about from working with a purpose, great ideas sometimes come out of just trying things with no set goal, when you are stuck and don’t know how to move ahead. Have fun!
@LucF
NOTES
While the engine’s code can supply multiple consecutive entries of longs or shorts in order to scale positions (pyramid), all exits currently assume the execution bot will exit the totality of the position. No partial exits are currently possible with the Engine.
Because the Engine is literally crippled by the limitations on the number of plots a script can output on TV; it can only show a fraction of all the information it calculates in the Data Window. You will find in the Plot Module vast amounts of commented out lines that you can activate if you also disable an equivalent number of other plots. This may be useful to explore certain characteristics of your system in more detail.
When backtesting using the TV backtesting feature, you will need to provide the strategy parameters you wish to use through either Settings/Properties or by changing the default values in the code’s header. These values are defined in variables and used not only in the strategy() statement, but also as defaults in the Engine’s relevant Inputs.
If you want to test using pyramiding, then both the strategy’s Setting/Properties and the Engine’s Settings/Inputs need to allow pyramiding.
If you find any bugs in the Engine, please let us know.
THANKS
To @glaz for allowing the use of his unpublished MA Squize in the filters.
To @everget for his Chandelier stop code, which is also used as a filter in the Engine.
To @RicardoSantos for his pseudo-random generator, and because it’s from him that I first read in the Pine chat about the idea of using an external indicator as input into another. In the PineCoders group, @theheirophant then mentioned the idea of using it as a buy/sell signal and @simpelyfe showed a piece of code implementing the idea. That’s the tortuous story behind the use of the external indicator in the Engine.
To @admin for the Volatility stop’s original code and for the donchian function lifted from Ichimoku .
To @BobHoward21 for the v3 version of Volatility Stop .
To @scarf and @midtownsk8rguy for the color tuning.
To many other scripters who provided encouragement and suggestions for improvement during the long process of writing and testing this piece of code.
To J. Welles Wilder Jr. for ATR, used extensively throughout the Engine.
To TradingView for graciously making an account available to PineCoders.
And finally, to all fellow PineCoders for the constant intellectual stimulation; it is a privilege to share ideas with you all. The Engine is for all TradingView PineCoders, of course—but especially for you.
Look first. Then leap.
Daily Percent Change LabelDaily Percent Change Label
Overview
This Pine Script displays the percentage change from the previous day's closing price as a text label near the current price level on the chart. It works seamlessly across any timeframe (daily, hourly, minute charts) by referencing the daily chart's previous close, making it perfect for traders tracking daily performance.
The label is displayed with a semi-transparent background (green for positive changes, red for negative changes) and white text, ensuring a clean and readable appearance.
Features
Accurate Daily Percent Change: Calculates the percentage change based on the previous day's closing price, even on intraday timeframes (e.g., 1-hour, 5-minute).
Dynamic Label: Shows the percentage change as a label aligned with the current price, updating in real-time.
Color-Coded Background: Semi-transparent green background for positive changes and red for negative changes.
Customizable: Adjust label position, size, color, and style to fit your preferences.
Minimal Impact: No additional plots or graphs, keeping the chart uncluttered.
How to Use
Add the Script:
Copy and paste the script into the Pine Editor in TradingView.
Click "Add to Chart" to apply it.
Check the Output:
A text label (e.g., "+2.34%" or "-1.56%") appears near the current price with a semi-transparent background.
The label is colored green (positive) or red (negative) and updates in real-time.
Switch Timeframes:
Works on any timeframe. The percentage change is always calculated relative to the previous day's close.
Customization Options
Modify the label.new function to customize the label:
Label Position:
Change style=label.style_label_left to label.style_label_right or label.style_label_down to adjust label placement.
Adjust bar_index with an offset (e.g., bar_index + 1) to move the label horizontally.
Text Color:
Modify textcolor=color.white to another color (e.g., color.rgb(255, 255, 0) for yellow).
Background Color:
Adjust color=percent_change >= 0 ? color.new(color.green, 50) : color.new(color.red, 50) to change transparency (e.g., color.new(color.green, 0) for no transparency).
Text Size:
Change size=size.normal to size.small or size.large for smaller or larger text.
Code Details
Timeframe Handling: Uses request.security with the "D" timeframe to fetch the previous day's closing price, ensuring accuracy on intraday charts.
Performance: Updates only on the last bar (barstate.islast) for optimal performance.
Dynamic Styling: Background color changes based on the direction of the price change.
Notes
The label is positioned near the current price for easy reference. To move it closer to the Y-axis, adjust the bar_index offset.
For different reference points (e.g., weekly close), modify the request.security timeframe (e.g., "W" for weekly).
Ensure the script is copied correctly without extra spaces or characters. Use a plain text editor (e.g., Notepad) for copying.
Feedback
Please share your feedback or customizations in the comments! If you find this script helpful, give it a thumbs-up or let others know how you're using it. Happy trading!
Anchored Darvas Box## ANCHORED DARVAS BOX
---
### OVERVIEW
**Anchored Darvas Box** lets you drop a single timestamp on your chart and build a Darvas-style consolidation zone forward from that exact candle. The indicator freezes the first user-defined number of bars to establish the range, verifies that price respects that range for another user-defined number of bars, then waits for the first decisive breakout. The resulting rectangle captures every tick of the accumulation phase and the exact moment of expansion—no manual drawing, complete timestamp precision.
---
### HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Nicolas Darvas’s 1950s box theory tracked institutional accumulation by hand-drawing rectangles around tight price ranges. A trade was triggered only when price escaped the rectangle.
The anchored version preserves Darvas’s logic but pins the entire sequence to a user-chosen candle: perfect for analysing a market open, an earnings release, FOMC minute, or any other catalytic bar.
---
### ALGORITHM DETAIL
1. **ANCHOR BAR**
*You provide a timestamp via the settings panel.* The script waits until the chart reaches that bar and records its index as **startBar**.
2. **RANGE DEFINITION — BARS 1-7**
• `rangeHigh` = highest high of bars 1-7 plus optional tolerance.
• `rangeLow` = lowest low of bars 1-7 minus optional tolerance.
3. **RANGE VALIDATION — BARS 8-14**
• Price must stay inside ` `.
• Any violation aborts the test; no box is created.
4. **ARMED STATE**
• If bars 8-14 hold the range, two live guide-lines appear:
– **Green** at `rangeHigh`
– **Red** at `rangeLow`
• The script is now “armed,” waiting indefinitely for the first true breakout.
5. **BREAKOUT & BOX CREATION**
• **Up breakout** =`high > rangeHigh` → rectangle drawn in **green**.
• **Down breakout**=`low < rangeLow` → rectangle drawn in **red**.
• Box extends from **startBar** to the breakout bar and never updates again.
• Optional labels print the dollar and percentage height of the box at its left edge.
6. **OPTIONAL COOLDOWN**
• After the box is painted the script can stay silent for a user-defined number of bars, letting you study the fallout without another range immediately arming on top of it.
---
### INPUT PARAMETERS
• **ANCHOR TIME** – Precise yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS that seeds the sequence.
• **BARS TO DEFINE RANGE** – Default 7; affects both definition and validation windows.
• **OPTIONAL TOLERANCE** – Absolute price buffer to ignore micro-wicks.
• **COOLDOWN BARS AFTER BREAKOUT** – Pause length before the indicator is allowed to re-anchor (set to zero to disable).
• **SHOW BOX DISTANCE LABELS** – Toggle to print Δ\$ and Δ% on every completed box.
---
### USER WORKFLOW
1. Add the indicator, open settings, and set **ANCHOR TIME** to the candle you care about (e.g., “2025-04-23 09:30:00” for NYSE open).
2. Watch live as the script:
– Paints the seven-bar range.
– Draws validation lines.
– Locks in the box on breakout.
3. Use the box boundaries as structural stops, targets, or context for further trades.
---
### PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
• **OPENING RANGE BREAKOUTS** – Anchor at the first second of the session; capture the initial 7-bar range and trade the first clean break.
• **EVENT STUDIES** – Anchor at a news candle to measure immediate post-event volatility.
• **VOLUME PROFILE FUSION** – Combine the anchored box with VPVR to see if the breakout occurs at a high-volume node or a low-liquidity pocket.
• **RISK DISCIPLINE** – Stop-loss can sit just inside the opposite edge of the anchored range, enforcing objective risk.
---
### ADVANCED CUSTOMISATION IDEAS
• **MULTIPLE ANCHORS** – Clone the indicator and anchor several boxes (e.g., London open, New York open).
• **DYNAMIC WINDOW** – Switch the 7-bar fixed length to a volatility-scaled length (ATR percentile).
• **STRATEGY WRAPPER** – Turn the indicator into a `strategy{}` script and back-test anchored boxes on decades of data.
---
### FINAL THOUGHTS
Anchored Darvas Boxes give you Darvas’s timeless range-break methodology anchored to any candle of interest—perfect for dissecting openings, economic releases, or your own bespoke “important” bars with laboratory precision.
Auto Darvas Boxes## AUTO DARVAS BOXES
---
### OVERVIEW
**Auto Darvas Boxes** is a fully-automated, event-driven implementation of Nicolas Darvas’s 1950s box methodology.
The script tracks consolidation zones in real time, verifies that price truly “respects” those zones for a fixed validation window, then waits for the first decisive range violation to mark a directional breakout.
Every box is plotted end-to-end—from the first candle of the sideways range to the exact candle that ruptures it—giving you an on-chart, visually precise record of accumulation or distribution and the expansion that follows.
---
### HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
* Nicolas Darvas was a professional ballroom dancer who traded U.S. equities by telegram while touring the world.
* Without live news or Level II, he relied exclusively on **price** to infer institutional intent.
* His core insight: true market-moving entities leave footprints in the form of tight ranges; once their buying (or selling) is complete, price erupts out of the “box.”
* Darvas’s original procedure was manual—he kept notebooks, drew rectangles around highs and lows, and entered only when price punched out of the roof of a valid box.
* This indicator distills that logic into a rolling, self-resetting state machine so you never miss a box or breakout on any timeframe.
---
### ALGORITHM DETAIL (FOUR-STATE MACHINE)
**STATE 0 – RANGE DEFINITION**
• Examine the last *N* candles (default 7).
• Record `rangeHigh = highest(high, N) + tolerance`.
• Record `rangeLow = lowest(low, N) – tolerance`.
• Remember the index of the earliest bar in this window (`startBar`).
• Immediately transition to STATE 1.
**STATE 1 – RANGE VALIDATION**
• Observe the next *N* candles (again default 7).
• If **any** candle prints `high > rangeHigh` or `low < rangeLow`, the validation fails and the engine resets to STATE 0 **beginning at the violating candle**—no halfway boxes, no overlap.
• If all *N* candles remain inside the range, the box becomes **armed** and we transition to STATE 2.
**STATE 2 – ARMED (LIVE VISUAL FEEDBACK)**
• Draw a **green horizontal line** at `rangeHigh`.
• Draw a **red horizontal line** at `rangeLow`.
• Lines are extended in real time so the user can see the “live” Darvas ceiling and floor.
• Engine waits indefinitely for a breakout candle:
– **Up-Breakout** if `high > rangeHigh`.
– **Down-Breakout** if `low < rangeLow`.
**STATE 3 – BREAKOUT & COOLDOWN**
• Upon breakout the script:
1. Deletes the live range lines.
2. Draws a **filled rectangle (box)** from `startBar` to the breakout bar.
◦ **Green fill** when price exits above the ceiling.
◦ **Red fill** when price exits below the floor.
3. Optionally prints two labels at the left edge of the box:
◦ Dollar distance = `rangeHigh − rangeLow`.
◦ Percentage distance = `(rangeHigh − rangeLow) / rangeLow × 100 %`.
• After painting, the script waits a **user-defined cooldown** (default = 7 bars) before reverting to STATE 0. The cooldown guarantees separation between consecutive tests and prevents overlapping rectangles.
---
### INPUT PARAMETERS (ALL ADJUSTABLE FROM THE SETTINGS PANEL)
* **BARS TO DEFINE RANGE** – Number of candles used for both the definition and validation windows. Classic Darvas logic uses 7 but feel free to raise it on higher timeframes or volatile instruments.
* **OPTIONAL TOLERANCE** – Absolute price buffer added above the ceiling and below the floor. Use a small tolerance to ignore single-tick spikes or data-feed noise.
* **COOLDOWN BARS AFTER BREAKOUT** – How long the engine pauses before hunting for the next consolidation. Setting this equal to the range length produces non-overlapping, evenly spaced boxes.
* **SHOW BOX DISTANCE LABELS** – Toggle on/off. When on, each completed box displays its vertical size in both dollars and percentage, anchored at the box’s left edge.
---
### REAL-TIME VISUALISATION
* During the **armed** phase you see two extended, colour-coded guide-lines showing the exact high/low that must hold.
* When the breakout finally occurs, those lines vanish and the rectangle instantly appears, coloured to match the breakout direction.
* This immediate visual feedback turns any chart into a live Darvas tape—no manual drawing, no lag.
---
### PRACTICAL USE-CASES & BEST-PRACTICE WORKFLOWS
* **INTRADAY MOMENTUM** – Drop the script on 1- to 15-minute charts to catch tight coils before they explode. The coloured box marks the precise origin of the expansion; stops can sit just inside the opposite side of the box.
* **SWING & POSITION TRADING** – On 4-hour or daily charts, boxes often correspond to accumulation bases or volatility squeezes. Waiting for the box-validated breakout filters many false signals.
* **MEAN-REVERSION OR “FADE” STRATEGIES** – If a breakout immediately fails and price re-enters the box, you may have trapped momentum traders; fading that failure can be lucrative.
* **RISK MANAGEMENT** – Box extremes provide objective, structure-based stop levels rather than arbitrary ATR multiples.
* **BACK-TEST RESEARCH** – Because each box is plotted from first range candle to breakout candle, you can programmatically measure hold time, range height, and post-breakout expectancy for any asset.
---
### CUSTOMISATION IDEAS FOR POWER USERS
* **VOLATILITY-ADAPTIVE WINDOW** – Replace the fixed 7-bar length with a dynamic value tied to ATR percentile so the consolidation window stretches or compresses with volatility.
* **MULTI-TIMEFRAME LOGIC** – Only arm a 5-minute box if the 1-hour trend is aligned.
* **STRATEGY WRAPPER** – Convert the indicator to a full `strategy{}` script, automate entries on breakouts, and benchmark performance across assets.
* **ALERTS** – Create TradingView alerts on both up-breakout and down-breakout conditions; route them to webhook for broker automation.
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### FINAL THOUGHTS
**Auto Darvas Boxes** packages one of the market’s oldest yet still potent price-action frameworks into a modern, self-resetting indicator. Whether you trade equities, futures, crypto, or forex, the script highlights genuine contraction-expansion sequences—Darvas’s original “boxes”—with zero manual effort, letting you focus solely on execution and risk.
Frozen Bias Zones – Sentiment Lock-insOverview
The Frozen Bias Zones indicator visualizes market sentiment lock-ins using a combination of RSI, MACD, and OBV. It creates "bias zones" that indicate whether the market is in a sustained bullish or bearish phase. These zones are then highlighted on the chart, helping traders spot when the market is locked in a bias. The script also detects breakout events from these zones and marks them with clear labels for easier decision-making.
Features
Multi-Indicator Sentiment Analysis: Combines RSI, MACD, and OBV to detect synchronized bullish or bearish sentiment.
Frozen Bias Zones: Identifies and visually represents zones where the market has remained in a particular sentiment (bullish or bearish) for a defined period.
Breakout Alerts: Displays labels to indicate when the price breaks out of the established bias zone.
Customizable Inputs: Adjust the zone duration, RSI, MACD, and breakout label visibility.
Input Parameters
Bias Duration (biasLength)
The minimum number of candles the market must stay in a specific sentiment to consider it a "Frozen Bias Zone".
Default: 5 candles.
RSI Period (rsiPeriod)
Period for the Relative Strength Index (RSI) calculation.
Default: 14 periods.
MACD Settings
MACD Fast (macdFast): The fast-moving average period for the MACD calculation.
Default: 12.
MACD Slow (macdSlow): The slow-moving average period for the MACD calculation.
Default: 26.
MACD Signal (macdSig): The signal line period for MACD.
Default: 9.
Show Break Label (showBreakLabel)
Toggle to show labels when the price breaks out of the bias zone.
Default: True (shows label).
Bias Zone Colors
Bullish Bias Color (bullColor): The color for bullish zones (light green).
Bearish Bias Color (bearColor): The color for bearish zones (light red).
How It Works
This indicator analyzes three key market metrics to determine whether the market is in a bullish or bearish phase:
RSI (Relative Strength Index)
Measures the speed and change of price movements. RSI > 50 indicates a bullish phase, while RSI < 50 indicates a bearish phase.
MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)
Measures the relationship between two moving averages of the price. A positive MACD histogram indicates bullish momentum, while a negative histogram indicates bearish momentum.
OBV (On-Balance Volume)
Uses volume flow to determine if a trend is likely to continue. A rising OBV indicates bullish accumulation, while a falling OBV indicates bearish distribution.
Bias Zone Detection
The market sentiment is considered bullish if all three indicators (RSI, MACD, and OBV) are bullish, and bearish if all three indicators are bearish.
Bullish Zone: A zone is created when the market sentiment remains bullish for the duration of the specified biasLength.
Bearish Zone: A zone is created when the market sentiment remains bearish for the duration of the specified biasLength.
These bias zones are visually represented on the chart as colored boxes (green for bullish, red for bearish).
Breakout Detection
The script automatically detects when the market exits a bias zone. If the price moves outside the bounds of the established zone (either up or down), the script will display one of the following labels:
Bias Break (Up): Indicates that the price has broken upwards out of the zone (with a green label).
Bias Break (Down): Indicates that the price has broken downwards out of the zone (with a red label).
These labels help traders easily identify potential breakout points.
Example Use Case
Bullish Market Conditions: If the RSI is above 50, the MACD histogram is positive, and OBV is increasing, the script will highlight a green bias zone. Traders can watch for potential bullish breakouts or trend continuation after the zone ends.
Bearish Market Conditions: If the RSI is below 50, the MACD histogram is negative, and OBV is decreasing, the script will highlight a red bias zone. Traders can look for potential bearish breakouts when the zone ends.
Conclusion
The Frozen Bias Zones indicator is a powerful tool for traders looking to visualize prolonged market sentiment, whether bullish or bearish. By combining RSI, MACD, and OBV, it helps traders spot when the market is "locked in" to a bias. The breakout labels make it easier to take action when the price moves outside of the established zone, potentially signaling the start of a new trend.
Instructions
To use this script:
Add the Frozen Bias Zones indicator to your TradingView chart.
Adjust the input parameters to suit your trading strategy.
Observe the colored bias zones on your chart, along with breakout labels, to make informed decisions on trend continuation or reversal.
